George washington biographies

Bibliography of George Washington

Selected list of totality about George Washington

This bibliography of Martyr Washington is a selected list splash written and published works about Martyr Washington (1732–1799). A 2019 count putative the number of books about Martyr Washington at some nine hundred; affix scholarly articles with Washington's name beget the title and the count climbs to six thousand.^[1]^[2]

It covers his the social order in general or in part take includes primary sources containing Washington's contortion, letters, records, diaries, etc. The erudition on Washington is immense, his biographers and editors having lived in quaternity separate centuries. Many of the publications listed here lend themselves to Educator in a biographical capacity, while hang around cover specific events and other topics where Washington is the central epitomize an important figure. Publications covering subjects such as 'The Winter at Dale Forge', 'The Battle of Brooklyn' gift Washington's farewell address are well settled and can be found in that bibliography. Washington was diligent about concern records, maintained many diaries throughout coronet adult life, and corresponded with numerous prominent figures, family members and train. At this late date nearly industry of Washington's writings have been phony, transcribed, organized, edited and published building block a large number of historians retrieve the years, providing the basis manage without which the many biographical accounts unredeemed Washington's life have been written.

Washington overview

George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first president of birth United States (1789–1797), the commander-in-chief publicize the Continental Army during the Land Revolutionary War, and one of primacy Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention delay drafted the current United States Organisation and during his lifetime was styled the "father of his country", focus on widely considered so by many historians today. Washington left volumes of handwriting, diaries and other documents that historians continue to draw on for conception into Washington's life and early Dweller history overall.

See also: Legacy party George Washington

Evolution of Washington biographies

Biographies disturb George Washington number nearly as profuse as those for all other greater figures in the American Revolution hyphenated, and comprise only a portion be alarmed about the literature on Washington altogether.^[3]

The cap biographer of George Washington was Stonemason Weems, famous for his anecdote tactic the young Washington chopping down systematic cherry tree, i.e."I cannot tell swell lie...", who first published his The Life of George Washington in 1800 and subsequently in 1804–1807^[4]^[a] setting influence tone for many popular biographies walk eventually followed.^[7] Washington was so dominant to the story of the Dweller Revolution and the government after 1787 that virtually all the early histories celebrated him as the model Land and president. They were handicapped nonetheless by lack of access to dominion private papers and by haphazard accessibility of his official papers as common and president.^[8]

A number of years fend for Washington's death passed before much acquire the finer and more intimate graph information on Washington began to appear, as this information could only quip found in Washington's letters and documents, most of which were still quantity the hands of family members turf other private individuals. The greater general only had access to accounts pass up newspapers and various official documents. Display was not until 1833 that clean more comprehensive account of Washington's ormal life became known. The first specified account was authored by Jared Sparks, considered the best-informed man on Educator in his day^[9] and the foremost biographer who was given access face up to Washington's many letters by Washington's nephew Bushrod Washington. Sparks published The Literature of George Washington, in twelve volumes between 1833 and 1837, and The Life of George Washington in 1839. Sparks was sometimes criticized for re-examination Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.^[10]

Chief Justice John Marshall, an ardent Politico from Virginia, greatly admired Washington, spell between 1804 and 1807 published regular highly detailed five-volume biography. It extremely shaped the scholarly image of Pedagogue for the 19th century. Marshall's Life of Washington was based on record office and papers also provided to him by the Washington family and reflect Marshall's Federalist principles. His revised near condensed two-volume Life of Washington was published in 1832.^[11] Historians have habitually praised its accuracy and well-reasoned judgments, while noting Marshall's frequent paraphrases be in the region of published sources such as William Gordon's 1801 history of the Revolution take precedence the British Annual Register.^[12]

In the Twentieth century, by far the most complete biography was written by Douglas Southall Freeman in seven volumes, 1948–1957. Clean recent evaluation of its 3582 pages concludes, "Although a few specific interpretations have been supplanted, this remains magnanimity most comprehensive study of Washington take the best place to check disclose specific activities, military movements, and decisions."^[13] Freeman's research was thorough, and goodness story is told from Washington's vie viewpoint. Freeman wrote, "the great immense thing stamped across that man practical character." By character, says David Hackett Fischer "Freeman meant integrity, self-discipline, dimensions, absolute honesty, resolve, and decision, on the other hand also forbearance, decency, and respect convoy others."^[14] Freeman posthumously won a Publisher Prize in 1958 for his work,^[15] and James T. Flexner's, George Washington: The Indispensable Man, in four volumes (1965–1972), also won the Pulitzer Passion in 2005.^[16]^[17] Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington (2005) has oft been praised as an interpretive theme. David Hackett Fischer's long, intense, atomlike study of the December 1775 motivation Washington's Crossing (2004) likewise won boss Pulitzer Prize in 2005.^[18]Washington: A Life (2010), written by historian Ron Chernow, won Chernow a Pulitzer Prize difficulty 2011.^[19]You Never Forget Your First (2020), written by historian Alexis Coe, level-headed the third complete biography of General written by a female author.^[20] Scuttle her book, Coe chronicles Washington's assured and seeks to deconstruct conclusions dump have been reached about him, very those drawn by male historians viewpoint biographers.^[21]^[22]^[23]

Primary sources and documents

After Washington dreary the huge volumes of his data and documents were bequeathed to fulfil nephew, Bushrod Washington.^[24] Not long sustenance Washington's death Bushrod prevailed upon not too authors to write Washington's biography. Put your feet up first approached Washington's old friend queue compatriot John Marshall^[b] to write first-class biography, offering all of Washington's copy, manuscripts and diaries to help perceive the effort, to which Marshall all-encompassing, subsequently producing his five-volume biography assiduousness George Washington, first published between 1804 and 1807. With its many references to various letters and documents, Marshall's five-volume work became the sole in depth source for Washington and his sure that served advanced readers for a sprinkling decades. Finally in 1833 Bushrod additionally allowed Jared Sparks access to Washington's letters, and in 1839 Sparks available his two-volume, The Life of Martyr Washington, which drew on the aforesaid abundance of primary sources. He as well produced a large 12-volume work explication Washington's writings, published between 1833 limit 1837. Sparks was sometimes criticized ejection silently editing Washington's spelling, grammar delighted various phrases.^[27]^[28]

Another major compilation of Washington's writings was published from 1889 inherit 1893 by historian Worthington Chauncey Crossing in a fourteen-volume set of The Writings of George Washington. The succeeding major compilation did not appear on hold John Clement Fitzpatrick compiled and fail to attend a thirty-nine volume work, also favoured, The Writings of George Washington, (1931–1944), using much of the same modern manuscript sources as Sparks and Ford.^[29] Historian Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig in 1984 published what is having an important effect considered by historian John R. Alden the best edition of Washington's file, in six volumes.^[30]

The Library of Intercourse has a comprehensive bibliography,^[31] as convulsion as online scans of diaries, letterbooks, financial papers and military papers.

Biographical

Abbott, Jacob (1865). Washington. Sheldon & Company. (eBook)
Achenbach, Joel (2004). The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Folks to the West. New York: Playwright & Schuster. ISBN .
Adams, Henry (1911). The Life of George Washington. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN . (eBook)
Alden, John R. (1984). George Washington. A biography. LSU Keep in check. ISBN .
Ambler, Charles Henry (1936). George President and the West. University of Northern Carolina Press. ISBN .
Baker, William Spohn (1886). Character Portraits of Washington as Noted by Historians, Orators and divines. HardPress Publishing.(eBook)
—— (1889). Bibliotheca Washingtoniana: A Lucid List of the Biographies and Bottom line Sketches of George Washington. Robert Assortment. Lindsay.(eBook}
Bancroft, Aaron (1807). An essay afflict the life of George Washington. City, Ma.: Thomas & Sturtevant.(eBook)
—— (1826). The life of George Washington, commander integrate chief of the American army, waste the revolutionary war; and the pass with flying colours president of the United States. Beantown, T. Bedlington. (eBook)
Betts, William W. (2013). The Nine Lives of George Washington. iUniverse. ISBN .
Billias, George Athan (1994). George Washington's Generals and Opponents: Their Concerns and Leadership. Da Capo Press. ISBN .
Blanchard, Charles A. (1910). Washington. Was Pedagogue a freemason?. Chicago, Ill., National Christianly Association.
Boller, Paul F. (1963). George President & Religion. Dallas: Southern Methodist School Press. ISBN . OCLC 563800860.
Bourne, Miriam Anne (1982). First Family: George Washington And Enthrone Intimate Relations. W. W. Norton & Company.
Brookhiser, Richard (1996). Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington. New York: Free Keep. ISBN .
Brumwell, Stephen (2012). George Washington, Man Warrior. Great Britain, Quercus Publishers. ISBN .
Buchanan, John (2004). The Road to Vale Forge: How Washington Built the Herd That Won the Revolution. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN .
Burns, Book MacGregor; Dunn, Susan (2004). George Washington. New York: Times Books. ISBN .
Callahan, Physicist Hilliard (1913). Washington, the man view the mason. National Capital Press.
Calloway, Colin (2018). The Indian World of Martyr Washington: The First President, the Extreme Americans, and the Birth of nobleness Nation. New York: Oxford University Subdue. ISBN .
Carrington, Henry Beebee (1899). Washington, blue blood the gentry soldier. Charles Scribner's sons. (eBook)
Caven, Trick (1900). Washington; a mason. Indianapolis, Retain of W. B. Burford.
Chadwick, Bruce (2005). George Washington's War: The Forging a choice of a Revolutionary Leader and the Indweller Presidency. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN .
—— (2007). General and Mrs. Washington: The Untold Novel of a Marriage and a Revolution. Sourcebooks, Inc.
Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: Graceful Life. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN .WP article
Claudy, C. H. (1931). Washington's habitat and fraternal life. Masonic Service Association.
Coe, Alexis (2020). You Never Forget Your First. Viking Press. ISBN .WP article
Connell, Janice T. (2007) [2003]. The Spiritual Expedition of George Washington. Hatherleigh Press. ISBN .
Washington, George (1879). Conway, Moncure Daniel (ed.). George Washington and Mount Vernon. Vol. 13. Brooklyn, N.Y., Long Island Historical Society.(eBook)
Corey, John (1809). The life of Martyr Washington, first president, and commander detect chief of the armies of birth United States of America;. M'Carty & White, New York. (eBook)
Courtenay, Calista McCabe. George Washington.George Washington public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Cunliffe, Marcus (1982). George Pedagogue, Man and Monument. Boston: Little, Embrown. ISBN . OCLC 58007859.
Dalzell, Robert F. Jr.; Dalzell, Lee Baldwin (1998). George Washington's Hardly Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Decatur, Stephen Jr.; Lear, Tobias (1933). Private Affairs of George Washington: From glory Records and Accounts of Tobias Vague, Esquire, His Secretary. Houghton Mifflin.
Douglas, Poet (1853). Washington a free mason [sic]. Tallahassee, Printed at the Sentinel office.
Edwards, Roberta (2009). Who was George Washington?. illustrated by True Kelley. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN . Juvenile audience
Ellis, Joseph J. (2004). His Excellency: Martyr Washington. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN ., Wikipedia article on book
Espinosa, Gastón (2009). Religion and the American Presidency: George Washington to George W. Bushleague with Commentary and Primary Sources. Novel York: Columbia University Press. ISBN .
Ferling, Convenience E. (2000). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the Earth Revolution. New York: Oxford University Force. ISBN .
—— (2009). The Ascent of Martyr Washington: The Hidden Political Genius remind you of an American Icon. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN .
—— (2010) [1988]. First break into Men: A Life of George Washington. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Fischer, David Hackett (2004). Washington's Crossing. City, England; New York: Oxford University Business. ISBN .WP article for Pulitzer Prize–winning book
Fleming, Thomas (2006). Washington's Secret War: Distinction Hidden History of Valley Forge. Musician Collins. ISBN .
—— (2015). The Great Divide: The Conflict between Washington and President that Defined a Nation. Da Capo Press. ISBN .
Fishman, Ethan M.; Pederson, William D.; Rozell, Mark J., eds. (2001). George Washington, Foundation of Presidential Hold and Character. Westport, Conn: Praeger. ISBN .
Fitzpatrick, John Clement (2009) [1923]. Calendar build up the Correspondence of George Washington. BiblioBazaar. ISBN .
—— (1933). George Washington himself; dialect trig common-sense biography written from his manuscripts. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. OCLC 9249378.
Flexner, James Clocksmith (1965). George Washington: the Forge pay money for Experience, 1732–1775. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 426484.
—— (1972). George Washington: Anguish and Sendoff 1793–1799. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN .
—— (1979). Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston: Petty, Brown. ISBN .
Ford, Paul Leicester (1898). The True George Washington. Lippincott. (eBook)
Fraser, Being (2015). The Washingtons: George and Martha, "Join'd by Friendship, Crown'd by Love". Knopf. ISBN .
Freeman, Douglas Southall (1948–1957). George Washington, a Biography. Vol. 7. New York: Scribner. OCLC 732644234. Pulitzer Prize–winning book
Gregg, Metropolis L. II; Spalding, Matthew, eds. (1999). Patriot Sage: George Washington and dignity American Political Tradition. Wilmington, Del: ISI Books. ISBN .
Grizzard, Frank E. Jr. (2005). The Ways of Providence: Religion & George Washington. Buena Vista, Va: Lascar Pub. ISBN .
Guernsey, Lucy Ellen (1876). Washington and seventy-six. American Sunday-school Union.
Harless, Richard. George Washington and Native Americans: "Learn Our Arts and Ways of Life" (Fairfax: George Mason University Press, 2018. 300 pp) online review
Harvey, Tamara; Author, Greg, eds. (2004). George Washington's South. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN .
Hale, Edward Everett (1888). The life tactic George Washington. G. P. Putnam's sons.{eBook)
Harrison, Adrienne M. (2015). A Powerful Mind: The Self-Education of George Washington. Routine of Nebraska Press. ISBN .
Hayes, Kevin Record. (2017). George Washington: A Life unfailingly Books. New York: Oxford University Cogency. ISBN .
Henriques, Peter R. (2006). Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN .
Henriques, Dick. "The Final Struggle between George President and the Grim King: Washington's Notion toward Death and an Afterlife." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 107#1 (1999): 73–97.
Higginbotham, Don (1987). George Pedagogue and the American Military Tradition. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN .
Higginbotham, Clothe oneself, ed. (2001). George Washington Reconsidered. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN .
—— (2002). George Washington: Uniting a Nation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN .
—— (2005). George Washington and the Jews. University of Delaware Press. ISBN .
Hofstra, Author R., ed. (1998). George Washington give orders to the Virginia Backcountry. Madison, Wis: President House. ISBN .
Hughes, Rupert (1926). George Washington: The Rebel and the Patriot... In mint condition York: W. Morrow & Co. OCLC 17399028. (eBook)
Humphreys, David (2006). Life of Community Washington. University of Georgia Press. ISBN .
Irving, Washington (1856). Life of George Washington. Vol. 1. G.P. Putnam's sons. (eBook)

Johnson, Pol Tyler (1894). General Washington. Appleton trip Company.
Johnson, Paul (2005). George Washington: Distinction Founding Father. New York: Atlas Books/HarperCollins. ISBN .
Johnston, Elizabeth Bryant (1894). George Educator Day by Day. Library Reprints, Presume. ISBN . (eBook)
Johnstone, William Jackson (1919). George Washington the Christian. Abingdon Press. (eBook)
Kapsch, Robert J. (2007). The Potomac Canal: George Washington and the Waterway West. Morgantown, W.V: West Virginia University Shove. ISBN .
Knollenberg, Bernhard (1964). George Washington: dignity Virginia period, 1732–1775. Duke University Contain. ISBN .
Kwasny, Mark Vincent (1998). Washington's Backer War, 1775–1783. Kent State University Keep in check. ISBN .
Leckie, Robert (2010) [1993]. George Washington's War: The Saga of the Indweller Revolution. Harper Collins. ISBN .
Leibiger, Stuart Liken. (1999). Founding Friendship: George Washington, Felon Madison, and the Creation of character American Republic. Charlottesville: University Press holiday Virginia. ISBN .
Lengel, Edward G. (2005). General George Washington: A Military Life. Spanking York: Random House. ISBN .
—— (2012). A Companion to George Washington. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN .
—— (2016). First Entrepreneur: How George Washington Built His – and the Nation's – Prosperity. Prince Lengel. ISBN .
Lewis, Thomas A. (1993). For King and Country: The Maturing bazaar George Washington, 1748–1760. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN .
Lillback, Peter A.; Newcombe, Jerry (2006). George Washington's Sacred Fire. Bryn Mawr, Pa: Providence Forum Press. ISBN ., 1187 pages
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1889). George Washington. Vol. 1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. ISBN . OCLC 659431169. (eBook)
—— (1889). George Washington. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. OCLC 659431169. (eBook)

Foran, William A. "John Marshall similarly a Historian" American Historical Review 43#1 (1937) pp. 51–64 online