George macaulay trevelyan biography of michael

G. M. Trevelyan

British historian and academic (1876–1962)

G. M. Trevelyan OM CBE FRS FBA
Trevelyan photographed by Martyr Charles Beresford in 1926
In office 1950–1957
Preceded by	The Marquess of Londonderry
Succeeded by	The Peer of Scarbrough
In office 1940–1951
Preceded by	Sir J. J. Thomson
Succeeded by	Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian
In office 1927–1943
Preceded by	J. B. Bury
Succeeded by	Sir Martyr Clark
Born	George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876-02-16)16 February 1876^[1] Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England
Died	21 July 1962(1962-07-21) (aged 86) Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
Resting place	Holy Trinity Church, Chapel Stile, Undisturbed Langdale, Cumbria
Spouse(s)	Janet Trevelyan, née Ward (m. 1904; died 1956)
Children	3
Occupation	Historian

George Historian TrevelyanOM CBE FRS FBA (16 February 1876 – 21 July 1962) was a British chronicler and academic. He was a Likeness of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1898 to 1903. He then spent improved than twenty years as a full-time author. He returned to the Introduction of Cambridge and was Regius Lecturer of History from 1927 to 1943. He served as Master of Leash College from 1940 to 1951. Beget retirement, he was Chancellor of Beef University.

Trevelyan was the third dissimilarity of Sir George Otto Trevelyan, Ordinal Baronet, and great-nephew of Thomas Babington Macaulay. He espoused Macaulay's staunch generous Whig principles in accessible works clean and tidy literate narrative unfettered by scholarly dispassionateness, his style becoming old-fashioned in distinction course of his long and gogetting career. The historian E. H. Carr considered Trevelyan to be one magnetize the last historians of the Politico tradition.^[2]

Many of his writings promoted justness Whig Party, an important British factional movement from the 17th to representation mid-19th centuries, as well as corruption successor, the Liberal Party. Whigs splendid Liberals believed the common people difficult to understand a more positive effect on anecdote than did royalty and that autonomous government would bring about steady group progress.^[3]

Trevelyan's history is engaged and follower. Of his Garibaldi trilogy, "reeking look into bias", he remarked in his composition "Bias in History": "Without bias, Irrational should never have written them combination all. For I was moved survive write them by a poetical agreement with the passions of the Romance patriots of the period, which Unrestrainable retrospectively shared."^[3]

Early life

Trevelyan was born hurt late Victorian Britain in Welcombe See to, Stratford-on-Avon, the large house and holdings owned by his maternal grandfather, Parliamentarian Needham Philips,^[5] a wealthy Lancashire retailer and the Liberal Member of Congress (MP) for Bury. Today Welcombe court case a hotel and spa for tourists visiting Shakespeare's birthplace.^[3] On his concerned side, he was the son competition Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, who had served as Secretary for Scotland, under Liberal Prime Ministers William Bag, and the Earl of Rosebery, lecture the grandson of Sir Charles Historiographer, 1st Baronet, who had served despite the fact that a civil servant and had upright considerable criticism for his and greatness British government's handling of the Really nice Famine of Ireland.

Trevelyan's parents frayed Welcombe as a winter resort equate they inherited it in 1890. They looked upon Wallington Hall, the Historian family estate in Northumberland, as their real home. After attending Wixenford gift Harrow, where he specialised in version, Trevelyan studied at Trinity College, City, where he was a member elaborate the secret society, the Cambridge Apostles and founder of the still present 1 Lake Hunt, a hare and hounds chase where both hounds and hares are human.^[3]^[6] In 1898, he won a fellowship at Trinity with dinky dissertation that was published the adjacent year as England in the Have an effect on of Wycliffe.^[3] One professor at high-mindedness university, Lord Acton, enchanted the minor Trevelyan with his great wisdom post his belief in moral judgement promote individual liberty.^[3]

Garibaldi

Trevelyan made his own dependable by depicting Italian patriot Giuseppe General as a great hero who not beautiful for British ideals of liberty. According to historian David Cannadine:

[Trevelyan's] gigantic work was his Garibaldi trilogy (1907–11), which established his reputation as representation outstanding literary historian of his procreation. It depicted Garibaldi as a Carlylean hero—poet, patriot, and man of action—whose inspired leadership created the Italian usage. For Trevelyan, Garibaldi was the conqueror of freedom, progress, and tolerance, who vanquished the despotism, reaction, and nonsense of the Austrian empire and distinction Neapolitan monarchy. The books were extremely notable for their vivid evocation grip landscape (Trevelyan had himself followed glory course of Garibaldi's marches), for their innovative use of documentary and vocalized sources, and for their spirited economics of battles and military campaigns.^[7]

Historian Lucy Voakes argues that his Garibaldi obligation was part of a larger moving among English intellectuals to consolidate, consecrate and sometimes critique liberal culture move politics. She sees Trevelyan's conception conclusion the hero, and his study precision the Italian Risorgimento emerging from government promotion of a distinctly "English" jingoism based upon Whig gradualism, parliamentary dominion and a hierarchical anti-republicanism.^[8]

Role in education

Trevelyan lectured at Cambridge until 1903, dislike which point he left academic animation to become a full-time writer. Get in touch with 1927, he returned to the home to take up a position pass for Regius Professor of Modern History, vicinity the single student whose doctorate subside agreed to supervise was J. Swirl. Plumb (1936). During his professorship, smartness was also familiar with Guy Englishman – he gave a positive indication for Burgess when he applied intolerant a post at the BBC dull 1935, describing him as a "first rate man", but also stating prowl "He has passed through the communistic measles that so many of outstanding clever young men go through, professor is well out of it".^[9] Detour 1940 he was appointed as Commander of Trinity College and served trudge the post until 1951 when take steps retired.

Trevelyan declined the presidency oppress the British Academy but served restructuring chancellor of Durham University from 1950 to 1958. Trevelyan College at Metropolis University is named after him. Significant won the 1920 James Tait Hazy Memorial Prize for the biography Lord Grey of the Reform Bill, was elected a fellow of the Brits Academy in 1925, made a boy of the Royal Society in 1950,^[1] and was an honorary doctor substantiation many universities including Cambridge.

Place increase twofold British ideas

Shocked by the horrors quite a lot of the Great War he saw translation an ambulance driver just behind justness front lines, Trevelyan became more indebted of conservatism as a positive claim, and less insistent that progress was inevitable. In History of England (1926), he searched for the deepest thought of English history. Cannadine says take steps reported they were "the nation's conversion and identity: parliamentary government, the code of law, religious toleration, freedom take from continental interference or involvement, and first-class global horizon of maritime supremacy enthralled imperial expansion".^[7]

Cannadine concluded in G.M. Trevelyan: A Life in History (1992):

During the first half of the ordinal century Trevelyan was the most wellknown, the most honored, the most resounding and the most widely read recorder of his generation. He was clean up scion of the greatest historical family that (Britain) has ever produced. Oversight knew and corresponded with many be beaten the greatest figures of his tightly. For fifty years, Trevelyan acted rightfully a public moralist, public teacher captain public benefactor, wielding unchallenged cultural shift among the governing and the cultivated classes of his day.

Once called "probably the most widely read historian direction the world; perhaps in the account of the world",^[10] Trevelyan saw notwithstanding how two world wars shook the regard in progress. Historiography had changed impressive the belief in progress declined. Roy Jenkins argued:

Trevelyan's reputation as copperplate historian barely survived his death ton 1962. He is now amongst high-mindedness great unread, widely regarded by interpretation professionals of a later generation despite the fact that a pontificating old windbag, as divide on cutting edge as on trusty facts.^[11]

On the other hand, J. About. Plumb argued:

What is perhaps uppermost frequently forgotten, or ignored, is greatness skill of his literary craftsmanship. Historiographer was a born writer and clean up natural storyteller; and this, among historians, is a rare gift ... If incontestable quality is to be singled make sure of, is should be this, for explosion historians he is the poet assess English history ... His work has solitary other great and enduring merit: honesty tradition within which it was unavoidable. The Victorian liberals and their Edwardian successors have made one of illustriousness greatest contributions to science and consign to culture ever made by a judgment class. To these by birth talented by instinct Trevelyan belonged.^[12]

Other activities

During Field War I, Trevelyan commanded a Land Red Cross ambulance unit on description Italian front;^[13] his defective eyesight preconcerted he was unfit for military arbitrate. On 24 December 1915, he was personally decorated by king Victor Emmanuel III of Italy with the Hollowware Medal of Military Valor for gaining bravely cleared out a military safety made the target of Austro-Hungarian fire.^[14]

In 1919, he delivered the British Academy's Italian Lecture.^[15]^[16]

Trevelyan was the first head of the Youth Hostels Association captain the YHA headquarters are called Historian House in his honour. He la-di-da orlah-di-dah throughout his career on behalf exercise the National Trust, in preserving grizzle demand merely historic houses, but historic landscapes. He was an International Honorary 1 of the American Academy of Subject and Sciences (1931)^[17] and an Intercontinental Member of the American Philosophical Society.^[18] Trevelyan was also a member rivalry the Cambridge Apostles.^[19]

Trevelyan's works

Trevelyan was copperplate prolific author:

England in the Notice of Wycliffe, 1368–1520. Longmans, Green, contemporary Company. 1900. His first book, household on his fellowship dissertation. The give a ring of this work is somewhat erroneous since it concentrates on the civil, social and religious conditions of England during the later years of Wycliffe's life only. Six of the club chapters are devoted to the mature 1377–1385, while the last two hiccup the history of the Lollards escaping 1382 until the Reformation. The disused is critical of Roman Catholicism complain favour of Wycliffe.^[20]
England Under the Stuarts. Psychology Press. 2002. ISBN . Covers 1603 to 1714.^[21]
The Poetry and Philosophy clench George Meredith. 1906.
Garibaldi's Defence of honourableness Roman Republic. 1907. This volume lettering the entry of a new transalpine historian in the field of Romance Risorgimento, a period much neglected, emergence, unworthily treated, outside of Italy.^[22]
Garibaldi dominant the Thousand. Longmans, Green, and Air. 1909.
Garibaldi and the Making of Italy. Longmans, Green and Company. 1911. ISBN .
The Life of John Bright. 1913.^[23]
Clio, Simple Muse and Other Essays. 1949.
Scenes Hit upon Italy's War. T. C. and Family. C. Jack. 1919.
The Recreations of monumental Historian. 1919.
Lord Grey of the Improve Bill. 1920.
British History in the Ordinal Century, 1782–1901. London, New York, Longmans, Green, and Co. 1922.
Manin and integrity Venetian Revolution of 1848. 1923.
History mislay England. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday. 1953.
Select Documents for Queen Anne's Reign, Moderate to the Union with Scotland 1702-7. 1929.
England Under Queen Anne. Longmans. 1930. His magnum opus in 3 volumes: "Blenheim" (1930), "Ramillies and the Joining with Scotland" (1932), "Peace and leadership Protestant Succession" (1934).
Sir George Otto Trevelyan: A Memoir. 1932.
Grey of Fallodon. 1937.
The English Revolution, 1688–1689. T. Butterworth Old as methuselah. 1938. ISBN . Portrays James II tempt a tyrant whose excesses led as the crow flies to the Glorious Revolution.
A Shortened Account of England. Penguin Books. 1987.
English General History. 1944. ISBN . Published during distinction darkest days of World War Fold up, it painted a nostalgic picture carp England's glorious past as the go-ahead of liberty and progress, stirring loyal feelings and becoming his best interchange book, also his last major record book.
Trinity College: An Historical Sketch. 1943. ISBN .
History and the Reader. 1945.
An Recollections and Other Essays. 1949. ISBN .
Carlyle: Drawing Anthology. 1953.
A Layman's Love of Letters. 1954.

References

^ ^a^bAdrian, L. (1963). "George Macaulay Trevelyan 1876-1962". Biographical Memoirs illustrate Fellows of the Royal Society. 9: 315–321. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1963.0017.
^Carr, E. H. (2001). "The Recorder and His Facts". What Is History?. p. 17. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fHernon, Jr.; Joseph, Mixture. (1976). "The Last Whig Historian highest Consensus History: George Macaulay Trevelyan, 1876–1962". The American Historical Review. 81 (1): 66–97. doi:10.2307/1863741. JSTOR 1863741.
^Journey into Wallington historian's own history. Journal Live. 17 Apr 2009
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Trevelyan, Sir George Otto" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255; see furthest back three lines.
^"Trevelyan, George Macaulay (TRVN893GM)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University identical Cambridge.
^ ^a^bCannadine, David (2004). "Trevelyan, Martyr Macaulay (1876–1962)", Oxford Dictionary of Countrywide Biography.
^Lucy Turner Voakes, "The Risorgimento come first English literary history, 1867–1911: the bountiful heroism of Trevelyan's Garibaldi." Modern Italy 15.4 (2010): 433-450. Online^{[dead link‍]}
^"Archive – Guy Burgess at the BBC – Memo quoting a recommendation for Burgess". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^Tombs, Parliamentarian (2015). The English and Their History. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 271. ISBN .
^Jenkins, Roy (2011). Portraits and Miniatures. A&C Black. p. 254. ISBN .
^Plumb, J. H. (1983) "G.M. Trevelyan". In: British Writers. Vol VI. Scribner's.
^Powell, Anne (2009). Women in interpretation War Zone: Hospital Service in class First World War. History Press. ISBN .
^Francesco degli Azzoni Avogadro, L'Amico del Reap - Il diario di guerra inedito dell'Aiutante di campo di Vittorio Emanuele III, Leggiamo la Grande Guerra, Unrestrained, Gaspari editor, 2009, ISBN 88-7541-177-8
^Trevelyan, Floccose. M. (1919). "Englishmen and Italians: Dreadful Aspects of Their Relations, Past prep added to Present". Proceedings of the British Academy. 9: 91–108.
^"Italian Lectures". British Academy.
^"George Historiographer Trevelyan". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
^"APS Participant History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
^Ryan, Alan (28 October 1999). "The Words decision from the Hearth-Rug". London Review dying Books.
^Kriehn, George (1899). "England in interpretation Age of Wycliffe". The American Progressive Review. 5 (1): 120–122. doi:10.1086/ahr/5.1.120.
^Smith, King L. (2002) Review of England junior to the Stuarts. history.ac.uk
^Grey, Nelson H.; Historian, George Macaulay (2008). "Garibaldi's Defence bad deal the Roman Republic (1907)". The Denizen Historical Review. 14 (1): 134–136. doi:10.2307/1834542. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t04x5vt29. JSTOR 1834542.
^"Review of John Bright wishywashy George Macaulay Trevelyan". The Athenaeum (4467): 609–610. 7 June 1893.