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Ian mcewan steven pinker biography

Ian McEwan

British novelist and screenwriter (born 1948)

Ian Russell McEwanCH CBE FRSA FRSL (born 21 June 1948) is a British novelist and scenarist. In 2008, The Times featured him on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945" station The Daily Telegraph ranked him numeral 19 in its list of dignity "100 most powerful people in Brits culture".[1]

McEwan began his career writing stark, Gothic short stories. His first couple novels, The Cement Garden (1978) cope with The Comfort of Strangers (1981), attained him the nickname "Ian Macabre". These were followed by three novels faultless some success in the 1980s become more intense early 1990s. His novel Enduring Love was adapted into a film emblematic the same name. He won prestige Booker Prize with Amsterdam (1998). Top next novel, Atonement, garnered acclaim favour was adapted into an Oscar-winning integument featuring Keira Knightley and James McAvoy. His later novels have included The Children Act, Nutshell, and Machines Adore Me. He was awarded the 1999 Shakespeare Prize, and the 2011 Jerusalem Prize.

Early life and education

McEwan was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, on 21 June 1948, the son of Painter McEwan and Rose Lilian Violet (née Moore).[2] His father was a common Scotsman who had worked his skilfully up through the army to loftiness rank of major.[3]

McEwan spent much sell his childhood in East Asia (including Singapore), Germany, and North Africa (including Libya), where his father was renovate. His family returned to England conj at the time that he was 12 years old. Recognized was educated at Woolverstone Hall Grammar in Suffolk; the University of Sussex, where he received a degree unite English literature in 1970; and birth University of East Anglia, where settle down undertook a master's degree in information (with the option to submit able writing instead of a critical dissertation).[4]

Career

1975–1987: Short stories and "Ian Macabre" phase

McEwan's first published work was a quota of short stories, First Love, Ultimate Rites (1975), which won the Scone Maugham Award in 1976. He effected notoriety in 1979 when the BBC suspended production of his play Solid Geometry because of its supposed obscenity.[5] His second collection of short romantic, In Between the Sheets, was accessible in 1978. The Cement Garden (1978) and The Comfort of Strangers (1981), his two earliest novels, were both adapted into films. The nature carry these works caused him to superiority nicknamed "Ian Macabre".[6] These were followed by his first book for progeny, Rose Blanche (1985), and a answer to literary fiction with The Descendant in Time (1987), winner of goodness 1987 Whitbread Novel Award.

1988–2007: Mainstream success and Booker Prize win

After The Child in Time, McEwan began journey move away from the darker, added unsettling material of his earlier existence and towards the style that would see him reach a wider readership and gain significant critical acclaim. That new phase began with the amend of the mid-Cold War espionage pageant The Innocent (1990), and Black Dogs (1992), a quasi-companion piece reflecting boon the aftermath of the Nazi collection in Europe and the end gaze at the Cold War. McEwan followed these works with his second book care children, The Daydreamer (1994).

His 1997 novel, Enduring Love, about the affinity between a science writer and clean stalker, was popular with critics, allowing it was not shortlisted for goodness Booker Prize.[7][8] It was adapted crash into a film in 2004. In 1998, he won the Booker Prize pick Amsterdam.[9] His next novel, Atonement (2001), received considerable acclaim; Time magazine styled it the best novel of 2002, and it was shortlisted for position Booker Prize.[10] In 2007, the severely acclaimed film Atonement, directed by Joe Wright and starring Keira Knightley reprove James McAvoy, was released in cinemas worldwide. His next work, Saturday (2005), follows an especially eventful day blot the life of a successful sawbones. Saturday won the James Tait Sooty Memorial Prize for 2005. His uptotheminute On Chesil Beach (2007) was shortlisted for the 2007 Man Booker Accolade and was adapted into a coating starring Saoirse Ronan in 2017, help out which McEwan wrote the screenplay. McEwan has also written a number hint produced screenplays, a stage play, beginner fiction, and an oratorio and natty libretto titled For You with congregation composed by Michael Berkeley.

In 2006, McEwan was accused of plagiarism; that is to say that a passage in Atonement (2001) closely echoed a passage from a-one memoir, No Time for Romance, obtainable in 1977 by Lucilla Andrews. McEwan acknowledged using the book as smart source for his work.[11] McEwan confidential included a brief note at righteousness end of Atonement, referring to Andrews's autobiography, among several other works. Rendering incident recalled critical controversy over circlet debut novel The Cement Garden, smooth elements of the plot of which closely mirrored some of those gradient Our Mother's House, a 1963 different by British author Julian Gloag, which had also been made into a-okay film. McEwan denied charges of larceny, claiming he was unaware of ethics earlier work.[12] Writing in The Guardian in November 2006, a month equate Andrews' death, McEwan professed innocence fair-haired plagiarism while acknowledging his debt advance the author of No Time be thankful for Romance.[13][14][15] Several authors defended him, as well as John Updike, Martin Amis, Margaret Atwood, Thomas Keneally, Kazuo Ishiguro, Zadie Explorer, and Thomas Pynchon.[16][17]

2008–present: Political works put up with continued acclaim

McEwan's first novel of birth 2010s, Solar, was published by Jonathan Cape and Doubleday in March 2010.[18] In June 2008 at the Food Festival, McEwan gave a surprise take on of this work-in-progress. The novel includes "a scientist who hopes to select the planet" from the threat cut into climate change,[19] with inspiration for distinction novel coming from a Cape Final expedition McEwan made in 2005 tab which "artists and scientists ... dog-tired several weeks aboard a ship at hand the north pole discussing environmental concerns". McEwan observed: "The novel's protagonist Archangel Beard has been awarded a Philanthropist prize for his pioneering work dead flat physics, and has discovered that attractive the coveted prize has interfered clank his work."[19] He said that grandeur work was not a comedy: "I hate comic novels; it's like character wrestled to the ground and duration tickled, being forced to laugh",[19] in preference to, that it had extended comic stretches.

Solar was followed by McEwan's ordinal novel, Sweet Tooth, a meta-fictional recorded novel set in the 1970s,[20] boss was published in late August 2012.[21] In an interview with The Scotsman newspaper to coincide with publication, McEwan revealed that the impetus for verbal skill Sweet Tooth had been "a take shape in which I can write top-hole disguised autobiography".[22] He revealed in disallow interview with The Wall Street Journal, in November 2012, that the tegument casing rights to Sweet Tooth had antediluvian bought by Working Title Films – the company that had adapted Atonement as a film.[23]Sweet Tooth was followed two years later by The Progeny Act, which concerned High Court book, UK family law, and the clear to die.[24]

Two years after The Descendants Act, McEwan's 2016 novel Nutshell, systematic short novel closer in style prep added to tone to his earlier works, was published. McEwan's next work, a consequently novella, was titled My Purple Sweetscented Novel – part of which was published previously as a short account by the same title in The New Yorker in 2016.[25] This diminutive work was published to mark McEwan's 70th birthday in June 2018.[26] McEwan followed Nutshell in April 2019 information flow the alternate history/science fiction novel Machines Like Me. It concerns artificial acumen and an alternate history in which Great Britain loses the Falklands Hostilities and the Labour Party, led contempt Tony Benn, eventually wins the 1987 UK general election. In September 2019, McEwan announced a quick surprise reinforcement novella inspired by Brexit, The Cockroach.[27] McEwan published his novel Lessons insert 2022 to much critical acclaim. Apostle Billen of The Times calls place McEwan's "500-page masterpiece",[28] and The Newborn Statesman claims the novel "may spasm be remembered as one of rank finest humanist novels of its age".[29]

Honours and awards

McEwan has been nominated stretch the Booker Prize six times don date, winning the prize for Amsterdam in 1998.[30] His other nominations were for The Comfort of Strangers (1981, shortlisted), Black Dogs (1992, shortlisted), Atonement (2001, shortlisted), Saturday (2005, longlisted), discipline On Chesil Beach (2007, shortlisted). McEwan also received nominations for the Worldwide Booker Prize in 2005 and 2007.[31] He is a Fellow of ethics Royal Society of Literature (FRSL),[32] clever Fellow of the Royal Society fence Arts (FRSA), a Fellow of blue blood the gentry Society of Authors,[33] and a One of the American Academy of Veranda and Sciences.[34] He was awarded grandeur annual Shakespeare Prize by the Aelfred Toepfer Foundation, Hamburg, in 1999. Elegance is also a Distinguished Supporter personal Humanists UK. He was appointed Head of state of the Order of the Country Empire (CBE) in the 2000 Advanced Year Honours for services to literature.[35][36] In 2005, he was the control recipient of Dickinson College's Harold leading Ethel L. Stellfox Visiting Scholar presentday Writers Program Award,[37] in Carlisle, Penn. In 2008, McEwan was awarded ethics honorary degree of Doctor of Culture by University College London, where grace had previously taught English literature.

In 2006, the Board of Trustees pick up the tab the Kenyon Review honoured McEwan additional the Kenyon Review Award for Scholarly Achievement, writing that "McEwan's stories, novels, and plays are notable for their fierce artistic dramas, exploring unanticipated folk tale often brutal collisions between the phenomenal and the extraordinary".[38] In 2008, The Times named McEwan among their allocate of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[39] In 2010, McEwan traditional the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Penny-a-liner Award. The Helmerich Award is be on fire annually by the Tulsa Library Give.

On 20 February 2011, McEwan was awarded the Jerusalem Prize for picture Freedom of the Individual in Society.[40] He accepted the prize, despite controversy[41] and pressure from groups and ungenerous opposed to the Israeli government.[42][43] McEwan responded to his critics, and ie the group British Writers in Cooperate of Palestine (BWISP), in a report to The Guardian, stating in real meaning, "There are ways in which sharpwitted can have a longer reach go one better than politics, and for me the image in this respect is Daniel Barenboim's West-Eastern Divan Orchestra – surely on the rocks beam of hope in a black landscape, though denigrated by the State religious right and Hamas. If BWISP is against this particular project, authenticate clearly we have nothing more connection say to each other".[44] McEwan's agreement speech discussed the complaints against him and provided further insight into rulership reasons for accepting the award.[45] Recognized also said he will donate rank amount of the prize, "ten integer dollars to Combatants for Peace, interrupt organisation that brings together Israeli ex-soldiers and Palestinian ex-fighters".[45]

In 2012, the Formation of Sussex presented McEwan with sheltered 50th Anniversary Gold Medal in ride up of his contributions to literature.[46] Satisfy 2014, the Harry Ransom Center case the University of Texas paid $2 million for McEwan's literary archives. Nobleness archives include drafts of all grapple his later novels. McEwan commented put off his novel Atonement started out brand a science fiction story set "two or three centuries in the future".[47] In 2018, McEwan was awarded blue blood the gentry Bauer-Incroci di civiltà prize in Venezia for his literary career.[48] In 2019, McEwan received the Golden Plate Honour of the American Academy of Achievement.[49]

In 2020, McEwan was awarded the Novelist Medal, a yearly prize given hard the Goethe-Institut honouring non-Germans "who keep performed outstanding service for the European language and for international cultural relations".[50] According to the jury, McEwan's mythical work ("Machines like us") is "imbued with the essence of contradiction settle down critical, depth-psychological reflection of social phenomena". Despite harsh attacks in his carve country, the writer "openly defends themselves against narrow-minded nationalisms" and appears restructuring a passionate pro-European. He was right Member of the Order of class Companions of Honour (CH) in decency 2023 Birthday Honours for services grant literature.[51]

Views on religion and politics

In 2008, McEwan publicly spoke out against Islamism for its views on women take on homosexuality. He was quoted restructuring saying that fundamentalist Islam wanted look after create a society that he "abhorred". His comments appeared in the European newspaper Corriere della Sera to vindicate fellow writer Martin Amis against allegations of racism. McEwan, an atheist,[52] thought that certain streams of Christianity were "equally absurd" and that he frank not "like these medieval visions take away the world according to which Maker is coming to save the erect and to damn the others".[53] McEwan put forward the following statement continual his official site and blog afterwards claiming he was misinterpreted:

Certain remarks of mine to an Italian reporter have been widely misrepresented in high-mindedness UK press, and on various websites. Contrary to reports, my remarks were not about Islam, but about Islamism – perhaps 'extremism' would be excellent better term. I grew up teensy weensy a Muslim country – Libya – and have only warm memories cut into a dignified, tolerant and hospitable Islamic culture. I was referring in clean up interview to a tiny minority who preach violent jihad, who incite hate and violence against 'infidels', apostates, Jews and homosexuals; who in their speeches and on their websites speak turbulently against free thought, pluralism, democracy, disclosed women; who will tolerate no nook interpretation of Islam but their crash and have vilifiedSufism and other strands of Islam as apostasy; who enjoy murdered, among others, fellow Muslims stop the thousands in the market room of Iraq, Algeria and in primacy Sudan. Countless Islamic writers, journalists opinion religious authorities have expressed their make one`s gorge rise at this extremist violence. To discourse against such things is hardly 'astonishing' on my part (Independent on Sunday) or original, nor is it 'Islamophobic' and 'right-wing' as one official raise the Muslim Council of Britain insists, and nor is it to sponsor the failures and brutalities of Unharmed foreign policy. It is merely achieve invoke a common humanity which Hysterical hope would be shared by deteriorate religions as well as all non-believers.'[54]

In 2007, Christopher Hitchens dedicated his tome God Is Not Great to McEwan. In 2008, McEwan was among improved than 200,000 signatories of a solicit to support Italian journalist Roberto Saviano who received multiple death threats mount was placed in police protection make something stand out exposing the Mafia-like crime syndicate, Peal, in his 2006 book Gomorrah. McEwan said he hoped the petition would help "galvanize" the Italian police care for taking seriously the "fundamental matter hostilities civil rights and free speech".[55] McEwan also signed a petition to brace the release of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, an Iranian woman sentenced to contract killing by stoning after being convicted disregard committing adultery.[56] In 2009, McEwan wed the 10:10 project, a movement think it over supports positive action on climate put on the market by encouraging people to reduce their carbon emissions.[57] On winning the Jerusalem Prize in 2011, McEwan defended herself against criticism for accepting the award in light of opposition to State policies, saying: "If you didn't walk to countries whose foreign policy crestfallen domestic policy is screwed up, you'd never get out of bed".[58][59] Crowd accepting the honour, he spoke walk heavily favour of Israel's existence, security, essential freedoms,[60] while strongly attacking Hamas, Israel's policies in Gaza, and the come again of Israeli settlements in the gloomy territories;[61] these were notable words in that the audience included politicians such owing to the Israeli President Shimon Peres trip Nir Barkat, the mayor of Jerusalem. McEwan also personally attended a intent in Sheikh Jarrah against the bourgeoning of Israeli settlements.[62]

In 2013, McEwan harshly criticised Stephen Hawking for boycotting spruce up conference in Israel as well bit the boycott campaign in general, stating that there are many countries "whose governments we might loathe or criticize of" but "Israel–Palestine has become class of tribal and a touchstone use a certain portion of the point of view classes. I say this in rendering context of thinking it is extremely wrong of the Israeli government put together to be pursuing more actively perch positively and creatively a solution jiggle the Palestinians. That's why I deem one wants to go to these places to make the point. Green about the gills away will not produce any result."[63] That same year, as part keep in good condition a wide-ranging interview with Channel 4 News, McEwan discussed the furore meander surrounded his remarks on Islamism overfull 2008, stating: "I remember getting cool lot of stick five or shock wave years ago saying something disobliging cart jihadists. There were voices, particularly predisposition the left, that thought anyone who criticised Islamism was really criticising Muslimism and therefore racist. Well, those voices have gone quiet because the resident atrocities committed by Islamists whether drop Pakistan or Mali is so self-evidently vile."[64] In the same interview, McEwan remarked that he felt protesters sign over the 2003 Iraq War were "vindicated" by what happened subsequently; argued range the chief legacy of the Irak War was that "sometimes there characteristic things we could do [before make certain war] which we no longer can" in foreign affairs; stated that shipshape one point prior to the 2003 invasion he had hoped to live able to seek an audience hostile to Tony Blair to persuade him fret to go ahead with the war; and as someone who voted embody the Liberal Democrats in the 2010 UK general election that the expand current coalition government of the Combined Kingdom should end, stating "Let's either have a Tory government or charter Ed Miliband try something different" understand try and turn around a state of "great inequity". McEwan is customarily a Labour Party supporter and thought he had his "fingers crossed" make certain Miliband would become prime minister.[64]

Following loftiness referendum on the United Kingdom's members belonging of the European Union resulting blot a win for the Leave be repentant Brexit campaign in June 2016, McEwan wrote a critical opinion article rag The Guardian titled "Britain is clashing utterly. Unless this summer is efficient a bad dream", published on 9 July 2016.[65] In the article, McEwan wrote of the consequences of rectitude Brexit vote: "Everything is changed absolute. Or about to be, as before you know it as your new leader is not fitting. The country you live in, influence parliamentary democracy that ruled it, sue good or bad, has been trumped by a plebiscite of dubious speck and unacknowledged status. From our frugality to our science and our universities, from our law to our universal relations to our commerce and business and politics, and who and what we are in the world – all is up for a intrusive, unequal renegotiation with our European neighbours".[65] McEwan's piece appeared to conclude affair a sense of bewilderment and quail at how events were panning crash, anticipating the ascension of Theresa Could to the leadership of the Right Party and her appointment as landmark minister, and noting how the once unthinkable in British politics had in fact happened.[65] McEwan's article was published turn 9 July, and May effectively won the 2016 Conservative Party leadership volition on 11 July, which precipitated mix appointment as prime minister two period later. In May 2017, speaking motionless a London conference on Brexit, on the surface referring to what he believed walkout be the older demographic of lack of restraint voters, McEwan stated that "one charge a half million oldsters freshly hillock their graves" would result in unblended putative second referendum returning a Behind outcome.[66]

Personal life

McEwan lives in London, alight has been married twice. His supreme marriage was to Penny Allen, address list astrologer and alternative practitioner, with whom he had two sons. The affection ended in 1995. Two years after in 1997, McEwan married Annalena McAfee, a journalist and writer who was formerly the editor of The Guardian's Review section.[67]

In 2002, McEwan discovered go he had a brother who confidential been given up for adoption by the Second World War; the map became public in 2007.[68] The religious, a bricklayer named David Sharp, was born six years earlier than McEwan when their mother was married pre-empt a different man. Sharp has grandeur same mother and father as McEwan but was born from an dealings that occurred before they married. Care her first husband was killed tenuous combat, McEwan's mother married her concubine, and Ian was born a seizure years later.[69] The brothers are harvest regular contact and McEwan has inescapable a foreword to Sharp's memoir.

McEwan was a long-time friend of birth writer and polemicist Christopher Hitchens.[20]

Bibliography

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Further reading

  • Byrnes, Christina (1995), Sex and Ravenousness desire in Ian McEwan's Work, Nottingham, England: Pauper's Press. ISBN 0-946650-56-X
  • Byrnes, Christina (2002), The Work of Ian McEwan: A Psychodynamic Approach, Nottingham, England: Paupers' Press. ISBN 0-946650-75-6
  • Byrnes, Bernie C. (2006), Ian McEwan's 'Atonement' and 'Saturday', Nottingham, England: Paupers' Solicit advise. ISBN 0-946650-90-X
  • Byrnes, Bernie C. (2008), McEwan's Matchless Childhood, Nottingham: Paupers' Press. ISBN 0-946650-94-2
  • Byrnes, Bernie C. (2009), Ian McEwan's 'On Chesil Beach': the transmutation of a secret, Nottingham: Paupers' Press. ISBN 9780946650972
  • Childs, Peter (2005), The Fiction of Ian McEwan (Readers' Guides to Essential Criticism), Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1909-7
  • D'Eliva, Gaetano, and Christopher Williams, (1986), La Nuova Letteratura Inglese Ian McEwan, Schena Editore.
  • Dodou, Katherina (2009), Childhood Bankrupt Children: Ian McEwan and the Carping Study of the Child, Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-506-2112-9
  • Groes, Sebastian (2009), Ian McEwan, Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9722-2
  • Head, Dominic, (2007), Ian McEwan, Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6657-3
  • Hoare, Liam (14 November 2012). "Ian McEwan, novelist-historian". Salon. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  • The Part of Conflict in the Novels surrounding Ian McEwan. Jensen, Morten H. (2005)
  • Malcolm, David (2002), Understanding Ian McEwan, Founding of South Carolina. ISBN 1-57003-436-2
  • Möller, Swantje (2011), Coming to Terms with Crisis: Daze and Reorientation in the Novels misplace Ian McEwan, Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-5880-8
  • Pedot, Richard (1999), Perversions Textuelles dans la Fiction d'Ian McEwan, Editions l'Harmattan.
  • Reynolds, Margaret, and Jonathan Noakes, (2002), Ian McEwan: The Absolute Guide, Vintage. ISBN 0-09-943755-4
  • Roberts, Ryan (2010), Conversations with Ian McEwan, University Press aristocratic Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-420-1
  • Rooney, Anne (2006), Atonement, Royalty Notes. ISBN 1-4058-3561-3
  • Rooney, Anne (2010), Pissing force the Wind?, The New Humanist, Can 2010
  • Ryan, Kiernan (1994), Ian McEwan (Writers and Their Work), Northcote House. ISBN 0-7463-0742-X
  • Slay Jr., Jack (1996), Ian McEwan (Twayne's English Authors Series), Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-4578-5
  • Williams, Christopher (1993) Ian McEwan's The Surety Garden and the Tradition of primacy Child/Adolescent as 'I-Narrator Biblioteca della Ricerca, Schena Editore.
  • Wells, Lynn, (2010) Ian McEwan, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-4274-9
  • Zalewski, Daniel (23 Feb 2009). "The Background Hum: Ian McEwan's art of unease". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 19 February 2014.

Interviews

External links