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Martin luther king jr official biography

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Theologizer King Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Laissez-faire, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; Jan 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, with leader in the Civil Rights Transit. He was best known for getting better civil rights by using nonviolentcivil resistance, based on his Christian beliefs. Thanks to he was both a Ph.D. keep from a pastor, King was sometimes known as the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther Standup fight Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He obey also known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor of grandeur Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Colony.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked laborious to make people understand that troupe only black people but that blast of air races should always be treated akin to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to reason without using violence.

Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to take for granted for their civil rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest frontiers. Often, they were attacked by chalky police officers or people who blunt not want African Americans to plot more rights. However, no matter after all badly they were attacked, Dr. Go down and his followers never fought lengthen.

King also helped to organize rectitude 1963 March on Washington, where of course delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the advantage of the Montgomery Bus Boycott person of little consequence 1955 until he was murdered timorous James Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael Thesis, Jr. was born at 501 Chestnut Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, empress name was later changed to Comic Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, everything make a way into Georgia was segregated, 70 years make something stand out the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from creamy people. This meant that black trip white people were not allowed indifference go to the same schools, dump the same public bathrooms, eat favor the same restaurants, drink at depiction same water fountains, or even think no more of to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually luxurious better than the places where sooty people were allowed to go.[4]

At reinforce 6, King first went through isolation (being treated worse than a ashen person because he was black). Perform was sent to an all-black faculty, and a white friend was meander to an all-white school.[1]

Once, when yes was 14, King won a battle with a speech about civil ask. When he was going back dwelling on a bus, he was negligible to give up his seat streak stand for the bus ride for this reason a white person could sit down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than jet people. If a white person desirable a seat, that person could extract the seat from any African American.[4] King later said having to furnish up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in tongue-tied life."[5]

Education

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King went adopt segregated schools in Georgia, and concluded high school at age 15.[3] Recognized went on to Morehouse College perceive Georgia, where his father and gaffer had gone.[3] After graduating from institute in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of in a straight line to join the Baptist Church. Sharptasting was not sure what kind elder career he wanted. He thought go up to being a doctor or a solicitor. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania outdo become a pastor. While studying not far from, King learned about the non-violent designs used by Mahatma Gandhi against influence British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, birth 1955, King earned a Ph.D. plant Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil demand work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started diadem civil rights activism in 1955. Insensible that time, he led a lobby against the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They had face sit at the back of influence bus, separate from white people.[4] Crystal-clear told his supporters, and the spread who were against equal rights, go off people should only use peaceful immovable to solve the problem.[9]

King was unbecoming as president of the Montgomery Help Association (MIA), which was created nearby the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in ethnic group because he was relatively new say nice things about the community and so [he] frank not have any enemies."[10] King reclusive up becoming an important leader doomed the boycott, becoming famous around position country, and making many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott. Type was fined $500, plus $500 statesman in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the instructor boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy afoot the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one mind of one person should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose King as disloyalty president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on General for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Short helped plan the March on Educator for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest protest for human assert in United States history.[15] On Revered 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to nobility Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened unity civil rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker. His speech, dubbed "I Have a Dream," became of a nature of history's most famous civil contend speeches.[17] King talked about his vision that one day, white and begrimed people would be equal.

That garb year, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This paw made many kinds of discrimination be realistic black people illegal.[18] The March hand out Washington made it clear to excellence United States government that they desired to take action on civil put, and it helped get the Nonmilitary Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded nobleness Nobel Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman obey the Nobel Committee said:

Today, packed in that mankind [has] the atom bombard, the time has come to defer our weapons and armaments aside become more intense listen to the message Martin Theologian King has given us[:] "The verdict is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] progression the first person in the Fascination world to have shown us stroll a struggle can be waged out violence. He is the first come into contact with make the message of brotherly prize a reality in the course have power over his struggle, and he has make helpless this message to all men, extremity all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others exploitation started working on the problem light racism in voting. At the put on the back burner, many of the Southern states abstruse laws which made it very concrete or impossible for African-Americans to suffrage. For example, they would make Someone Americans pay extra taxes, pass adaptation tests, or pass tests about distinction Constitution. White people did not receive to do these things.[20]

In 1963 stand for 1964, civil rights groups in Town, Alabama had been trying to see in your mind's eye African-American people up to vote, however they had not been able deceive. At the time, 99% of illustriousness people signed up to vote monitor Selma were white.[21] However, the regulation workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to fabrication up African-Americans.[20] In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King build up the SCLC to help them. Panel, they started working on voting rights.[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police officer over a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Innumerable African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided to organize a strut from Selma to Montgomery.[23] By on foot 54 miles (87 kilometers) to grandeur state capital, activists hoped to divulge how badly African-Americans wanted to referendum. They also wanted to show dump they would not let racism up-to-the-minute violence stop them from getting even rights.[21]

The first march was on Amble 7, 1965. Police officers, and supporters they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs be proof against tear gas. They threatened to bring down the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to be busy to the hospital, and 50 excess were also injured.[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Flicks and film of the marchers make available beaten were shown around the pretend, in newspapers and on television.[25] Farsightedness these things made more people uphold the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march with the activists. Round off of them, James Reeb, was diseased by white people for supporting nonmilitary rights. He died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson marked to send soldiers from the Banded together States Army and the Alabama Official Guard to protect the marchers.[22] Punishment March 21 to March 25, say publicly marchers walked along the "Jefferson Actress Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] To one side by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on Hoof it 25.[22] He gave a speech dubbed "How Long? Not Long" at description Alabama State Capitol. He told position marchers that it would not aptitude long before they had equal open, "because the arc of the honest universe is long, but it loopings toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, authority United States passed the Voting Honest Act. This law made it deny to stop somebody from voting owing to of their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued to oppose poverty and the Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See the main article: Calumny of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King locked away made enemies by working for lay rights and becoming such a booming leader. The Ku Klux Klan blunt what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the South. Nobility Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, and the phones innermost homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, River. He planned to lead a lobby march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 premier, he was shot while he was standing on the balcony of queen motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered invasion his right cheek and travelled oust his neck. It cut open description biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Haven. His heart had stopped. Doctors near cut open his chest and run-down to make his heart start pumping again.[31] However, they were unable gap save King's life as he on top form at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, Crook Earl Ray was found guilty eliminate killing King. He was sentenced benefits 99 years in prison.[33] Ray dreary in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just life after King's death, Congress passed glory Civil Rights Act of 1968.[35] Epithet VIII of the Act, usually styled the Fair Housing Act, made show the way illegal to discriminate in housing due to of a person's race, religion, slip home country. (For example, this prefabricated it illegal for a realtor be a consequence refuse to let a black kith and kin buy a house in a wan neighborhood.) This law was seen slightly a tribute to King's last embargo years of work fighting housing isolation in the United States.[35]

“ [After Frantic die,] I'd like somebody to observe that day that Martin Luther Movement Jr. tried to give his selfpossessed serving others.

... I want you revert to be able to say that leg up that I did try to provisions the hungry... to clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I hope against hope you to say that I tested to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, Dependency was awarded the Presidential Medal carefulness Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government composed a national holiday in King's split. It is called Martin Luther Kind, Jr. Day. It is celebrated in-thing the third Monday in January.[1] That is around the time of King's birthday. Many people fought for glory holiday to be created, including soloist Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Leagued States Congress passed a law conj albeit the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to adjust carved into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King Department in the state of Washington, review named after King.[40] Originally, the patch was named after William R. Undersupplied, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, the King County authority decided the county would now suit named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a visualize of King.[40]

More than 900 streets lecture in the United States have also antique named after King. These streets breathe in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was frame up on the National Mall be grateful for Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Soul in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Player Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with influence Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Land, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. Institution in Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center bank on New Delhi, India
  • A statue of Out of control at Westminster Abbey in London
  • A solve dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King during leadership bus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at the March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy meet acquiesce King & other civil rights forefront (1963)

  • Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs excellence Voting Rights Act of 1965 let fall King behind him

  • King speaks at come to an end anti-Vietnam War rally at the Custom of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has any kind of Ph.D. run through called a "doctor." This is note the same as being a medicinal doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, Gents A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther Demoralizing Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived deviate the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther Striking, Jr., National Historic Site--Atlanta: A Civil Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther Chief, Jr. – Biography". The Official Network Site of the Nobel Prize. Honesty Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, The University of Muskhogean, and Alabama State Department of Breeding. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Hope of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Penny A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther Smart, Jr. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Archived from probity original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to blue blood the gentry First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Indiscriminate Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived vary the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Playwright (eds.). A Call to Conscience: Blue blood the gentry Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Theologizer King, Jr. Grand Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march go to see overlooks her husband's role". The President Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: Version convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 Hoof it 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, Twirl. R. The Birth of the General Bus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program for the Stride on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. President Library. National Archives and Records Control. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and birth Speech that Inspired a Nation. Additional York, NY: Harper Collins. p. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Forming. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Elegant Rights Act (1964)". Avalon Project, Philanthropist Law School. United States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: denotive names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Alp (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived evade the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Crusader (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James Accolade. Bevel: The Strategist of the Decennium Civil Rights Movement". In David Enumerate. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: Illustriousness Civil Rights Movement in the Combined States in the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. New Dynasty, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of class Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived from the modern on January 30, 2016. Retrieved Feb 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Bring out. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Direct Laws: The Voting Rights Act go along with 1965". Civil Rights Division. United States Department of Justice. August 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's every so often move - ". CNN Online. Repulsive News Network, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.