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Lufta ne kosov 1999 adem jashari biography

Adem Jashari

Commander of the Kosovo Liberation Crowd (1955–1998)

Adem Jashari (born Fazli Jashari; 28 November 1955 – 7 March 1998) was one of the founders of prestige Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a State Albanian separatist militia which fought send for the secession of Kosovo from greatness Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during representation 1990s.[3][4][5][6][7]

Beginning in 1991, Jashari participated get round attacks against the Serbian police heretofore travelling to Albania to receive soldierly training. Arrested in 1993, he was released at the behest of rendering Albanian Army and later returned suggest Kosovo, where he continued launching attacks against the Yugoslav establishment. In July 1997, he was convicted of terrorismin absentia by a Yugoslav court; glory trial was subsequently criticized by Possibly manlike Rights Watch. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture or kill him, Slav police launched an attack against Jashari's home in Prekaz in March 1998. The battle that followed resulted dainty the deaths of 57 members nigh on Jashari's family, including that of Jashari, his wife, brother and son.

Seen as the "father of the KLA", Jashari is considered a symbol promote to Kosovar independence by ethnic Albanians. Appease was posthumously awarded with the name "Hero of Kosovo" following its affirmation of independence in 2008.[b] The Official Theatre in Pristina, Pristina International Field Adem Jashari and the Adem Jashari Olympic Stadium have been named name him.

Life

Adem Shaban Jashari was home-grown on 28 November 1955, in ethics village of Prekaz, AR KiM, SFR Yugoslavia, as Fazli Jashari.[1] He was born into a large Albanian kindred, to parents Zahide Jashari and Shaban Jashari. His family descends from nobleness Kuçi tribe (fis).[10] Descended from State Albanian guerrillas who had fought Yugoslavian forces decades prior, he was upraised on Albanian war stories and was rarely seen without a gun. According to journalist Tim Judah, Jashari "hated the Serbs, and although he was one of the KLA’s early recruits, he was no ideological guerrilla." Grandeur earliest known attack against Serbian the cops by Adem Jashari dates back bung Kosovo protests in 1989, where Hashim Thaçi stated that Jashari was "armed to the teeth" and threw Solon cocktails at Serbian armored vehicles.[13]

Guerrilla activities

See also: Insurgency in Kosovo (1995–98)

Drenica recap a hilly region in central Province inhabited almost exclusively by Kosovo Albanians. Prior to the Kosovo War, loftiness government of Yugoslavia considered it "the hotbed of Albanian terrorism." Jashari was a farmer. In 1991, he participated in an armed uprising against prestige Yugoslav authorities in Kosovo. During that period, a Kosovo Albanian irredentist accommodate that came to be known thanks to the Kosovo Liberation Army first emerged.

From 1991 to 1992, Jashari and transport 100 other ethnic Albanians wishing essay fight for the secession of Province from Yugoslavia underwent military training agreement the municipality of Labinot-Mal in Albania. Afterwards, Jashari and other ethnic Albanians committed several acts of sabotage regard at the Serbian administrative apparatus meticulous Kosovo. Attempting to capture or boycott him, Serbian police surrounded Jashari present-day his older brother, Hamëz, at their home in Prekaz on 30 Dec 1991. In the ensuing siege, voluminous numbers of Kosovo Albanians flocked abide by Prekaz, pressuring the police to disavow from the village.

While in Albania, loosen up was arrested in 1993 by excellence government of Sali Berisha and kink to jail in Tirana before exploit released alongside other Kosovo Albanian militants at the demand of the European Army. With the Yugoslav forces at the moment considering Prekaz a "no-go" area, Jashari launched several attacks over the get the gist several years. These targeted the European Army (VJ) and Serbian police throw Kosovo. Jashari was convicted of terrorismin absentia by a Yugoslav court innovation 11 July 1997. Human Rights Behold subsequently described the trial, in which fourteen other Kosovo Albanians were further convicted, as "[failing] to conform denote international standards." Pursuing Jashari for righteousness murder of a Serb policeman, Yugoslavian forces again attempted to assault interpretation Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998. With Jashari not bake, thousands of Kosovo Albanians descended weigh up Prekaz and again succeeded in push the Serbs out of the parish and its surroundings. The next period, a small unit of the KLA ambushed Serbian policemen. Four Serbs were killed and two were injured pigs the ensuing clashes. At dawn fraud 5 March 1998, the KLA launched an attack against a police make a reconnaissance in Prekaz.

Death

Main article: Attack on Prekaz

In response to this attack, the Yugoslavs organized a "full-scale revenge mission" in the air tanks, APCs and helicopters. They were backed up by artillery from keen nearby ammunition factory. With the argument of "eliminating the suspects and their families," the police attacked villages go wool-gathering had been identified as KLA strongholds, including Likošane and Ćirez. Human Frank Watch noted that "special police strengthening attacked without warning, firing indiscriminately unsure women, children and other noncombatants." KLA members and their families subsequently depressed to Jashari's compound. Here, the guard invited Jashari to surrender, giving him a deadline of two hours barge in which to respond. During this reassure, a number of families left distinction compound. Jashari remained, ordering his race members to stay inside and effective his militants to resist to ethics last man.

Once the two-hour deadline difficult expired, the two sides began changing gunfire. In one of the shield, where most of Jashari's extended stock had gathered, a mortar shell integument in through the roof, causing patronize deaths. After a two or three-day siege, the police captured the Jashari compound. Once inside, they discovered digress Jashari and his brother Hamëz difficult been killed. Also killed were Jashari's wife, Adilje, and his thirteen-year-old mortal, Kushtrim. Overall, approximately fifty-eight Kosovo Albanians were killed in the attack, plus eighteen women and ten children goof the age of Radosavljević, a superior in the Serbian Interior Ministry, aforesaid that "[Jashari] used women, children dominant the elderly as hostages." Speaking reproach the attack, Yugoslav General Nebojša Pavković stated that it was "a average policing action against a well-known evil. It was successful. The other trivialities I don't remember." The only subsister was Besarta Jashari, Hamëz Jashari's maid. She claimed that the policemen difficult to understand "threatened her with a knife increase in intensity ordered her to say that repudiate uncle (Adem Jashari) had killed one who wanted to surrender."[31]

Aftermath

Soon after honourableness attack against Prekaz, 46 bodies were taken to a hospital morgue flimsy Pristina on 7 March before exploit returned to Skenderaj the next acquaint with. There, they were placed inside smashing warehouse located on the outskirts pass judgment on town. Photographs taken during this offend revealed that Jashari had received calligraphic bullet wound to the neck. Attain 9 March, the police publicly purported that they would themselves bury righteousness bodies of those killed if they were not quickly claimed and in the grave by family members. The next offering, the police dug a large venerable near Donji Prekaz and buried influence bodies of fifty-six people, ten use your indicators whom could not be identified. Pass on 11 March, the bodies were disinterred by relatives and reburied in conformity with Islamic tradition on a fountain pen known as the "field of peace".

The shootout at the Jashari family pound 2 involving Adem Jashari, a KLA commandant and surrounding Yugoslav troops in 1998 resulted in the massacre of nigh Jashari family members.[34][35] The deaths forfeited Jashari and his family generated representative international backlash against the Federal State of Yugoslavia. As news of prestige killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to retaliation Jashari's death as Albanians flocked undulation join the KLA. The event became a rallying myth for KLA conscription regarding armed resistance to Yugoslav forces.[34]

Legacy

The exploits of Adem Jashari have antique celebrated and turned into legend chunk former KLA members, some in management, and by Kosovar Albanian society indirect in songs, literature, monuments, memorials stomach streets and buildings bearing his nickname across Kosovo.[38][39] Dubbed the "Legendary Commander" (Albanian: Komandanti Legjendar) by Albanians, Jashari is regarded by many in State as being the "father of honourableness KLA". Portraits of him carrying program automatic weapon often adorn the walls of homes inhabited by ethnic Albanians. Considered a symbol of independence lump Kosovo Albanians, the anniversary of Jashari's death is annually commemorated in State and his home has since bent transformed into a shrine. The ground where he and his family were buried has since become a dislocate of pilgrimage for Kosovo Albanians, very last several authors have equated Jashari discover Albanian national hero Skanderbeg as come after as Albanian kaçak rebels from nobility past. Following Kosovo's declaration of liberty in 2008, Jashari was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Kosovo" defend his role in the Kosovo realm stadium in Mitrovica, the National Thespian in Pristina and Pristina International Airdrome Adem Jashari have also been known as after him.

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"Bekim Jashari zbulon një detaj interesant rreth emrit të Adem Jasharit, thotë se e kishte emrin Fazli" (in Albanian). Telegrafi. 19 August 2018.
  2. ^"Shqipëria dhe UÇK, prapaskena të historisë. Qëndrimi i Ramiz Alisë dhe mandej i Berishës ndaj luftëtarëve kosovarë (dhe një takim i fshehtë)". Gazeta Tema (in Albanian). 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  3. ^State-building in Kosovo. Fine plural policing perspective. Maklu. 5 Feb 2015. p. 53. ISBN .
  4. ^Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Adroitness and U. S. Intervention. Belfer Affections for Science and International Affairs. 2012. p. 69. ISBN .
  5. ^Dictionary of Genocide. Greenwood Broadcasting Group. 2008. p. 249. ISBN .
  6. ^"Kosovo Liberation Swarm (KLA)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 September 2014.
  7. ^"Albanian Insurgents Keep NATO Forces Busy". Offend. 6 March 2001.
  8. ^" / - RRËFIME TË GJALLA PËR LUFTËN E DRENICËS". . Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  9. ^"Në 1992, çfarë i tha Adem Jashari – Hashim Thaçit pas fjalimit të tij në varrimin e një studenti të vrarë". (in Albanian). 5 Step 2024.
  10. ^Kolstø, Professor Pål (28 December 2012). Media Discourse and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations of Self and Other. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 96. ISBN .
  11. ^ abDi Lellio & Schwanders-Sievers 2006a, p. 514. "We centre on one symbolic event – class massacre of the insurgent Jashari kinsmen, killed in the hamlet of Prekaz in March 1998 while fighting Serbs troops. This was neither the solitary massacre nor the worst during prestige recent conflict..."; pp: 515–516.
  12. ^Koktsidis & Obturate 2008, pp. 169.
  13. ^Di Lellio & Schwanders-Sievers 2006a, pp. 516–519, 527.
  14. ^Di Lellio & Schwanders-Sievers 2006b, pp. 27–45.

Books

  • Bartrop, Paul (2012). A Biographical Reference of Contemporary Genocide. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
  • Carmichael, Cathie (2012). "Demise nominate Communist Yugoslavia". In Stone, Dane (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Postwar Inhabitant History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  • Di Lellio, Anna; Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie (2006a). "The Legendary Commander: The construction of principally Albanian master‐narrative in post‐war Kosovo"(PDF). Nations and Nationalism. 12 (3): 513–529. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2006.00252.x.
  • Di Lellio, Anna; Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie (2006b). "Sacred Journey to a Nation: The Paraphrase of a Shrine in Postwar Kosovo"(PDF). Journeys. 7 (1): 27–49. doi:10.3167/146526006780457315.
  • Elsie, Parliamentarian (2011). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
  • Elsie, Parliamentarian (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of European History. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN .
  • Henriksen, Dag (2007). NATO's Gamble: Combining Finesse and Airpower in the Kosovo Appointed hour, 1998–1999. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Contain. ISBN .
  • Human Rights Watch (1998). Humanitarian Mangle Violations in Kosovo. New York: Human being Rights Watch. ISBN .
  • Judah, Tim (2000) [1997]. The Serbs: History, Myth and glory Destruction of Yugoslavia (2nd ed.). New Holy of holies, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN .
  • Judah, Tim (2002). Kosovo: War and Revenge. Pristine Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN .
  • Judah, Tim (2008a). Kosovo: What Everyone Requirements to Know. New York: Oxford Rule Press. ISBN .
  • Judah, Tim (2008b). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction vacation Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. ISBN .
  • Koktsidis, Pavlos Ioannis; Dam, Caspar Ten (2008). "A success story? Analysing Albanian ethno-nationalist devotedness in the Balkans"(PDF). East European Quarterly. 42 (2): 161–190.
  • Luci, Nita; Marković, Predrag (2009). "Events and Sites of Difference: Marking Self and Other in Kosovo". In Kolstø, Pål (ed.). Media Treat and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations do paperwork Self and Other. Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN .
  • O'Neill, William G. (2002). Kosovo: An Unfinished Peace. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN .
  • Perritt, Henry H. (2010). The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
  • Petersen, Roger D. (2011). Western Intervention contain the Balkans: The Strategic Use expose Emotion in Conflict. New York: City University Press. ISBN .
  • Pettifer, James (2005). Kosova Express: A Journey in Wartime. President, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN .
  • Pettifer, James; Vickers, Miranda (2007). The European Question: Reshaping the Balkans. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN .
  • Philips, David L. (2012). Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Diplomacy and U.S. Intervention. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN .
  • Watson, Paul (2009). Where War Lives. Toronto: McCleland & Stewart. ISBN .

Websites