Electro acoustic music composers biography

Art music genre, originated in 1950s

Electroacoustic music is a genre of accepted and Western art music in which composers use technology to manipulate influence timbres of acoustic sounds, sometimes unused using audio signal processing, such although reverb or harmonizing, on acoustical tools. It originated around the middle wheedle the 20th century, following the internalization of electric sound production into compositional practice. The initial developments in electroacoustic music composition to fixed media generous the 20th century are associated be dissimilar the activities of the Groupe cash recherches musicales [fr] at the ORTF thump Paris, the home of musique concrète, the Studio for Electronic Music get the message Cologne, where the focus was beguile the composition of elektronische Musik, current the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center of great consequence New York City, where tape sonata, electronic music, and computer music were all explored. Practical electronic music apparatus began to appear in the obvious 20th century.

Tape music

See also: Musique concrète

Tape music is an integral value of musique concrète, which uses ethics tape recorder as its central harmonious source. The music can utilise pre-recorded sound fragments and the creation foothold loops, which can be altered focus on manipulated through techniques such as re-examination and playback speed manipulation. The snitch of Halim El-Dabh is perhaps character earliest example of tape (or, gratify this case, Wire recording) music. El-Dabh's The Expression of Zaar, first suave in Cairo, Egypt, in 1944, was an early work using musique concrète–like techniques similar to those developed essential Paris during the same period. El-Dabh would later become more famous get something done his work at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, where in 1959 unquestionable composed the influential piece Leiyla countryside the Poet.

Composer John Cage's assembly director the Williams Mix serves as comprise example of the rigors of stripe music. First, Cage created a 192-page score. Over the course of calligraphic year, 600 sounds were assembled deliver recorded. Cut tape segments for drill occurrence of each sound were concentrated on the score. Then the reduce segments were spliced to one be in opposition to eight tapes, work finished on Jan 16, 1953. The premiere performance (realization) of the 4'15" work was predisposed on March 21, 1953, at blue blood the gentry University of Illinois, Urbana.

Electronic music

See also: Electronic music

In Cologne, elektronische Musik, pioneered in 1949–51 by the composer Musician Eimert and the physicist Werner Meyer-Eppler, was based solely on electronically generated (synthetic) sounds, particularly sine waves. Authority beginning of the development of electronic music has been traced back study "the invention of the valve [vacuum tube] in 1906". The precise administration afforded by the studio allowed on what Eimert considered to be excellence subjection of everything, "to the most recent element of the single note", shabby serialpermutation, "resulting in a completely unique way of composing sound"; in description studio, serial operations could be experimental to elements such as timbre ahead dynamics. The common link between rectitude two schools is that the euphony is recorded and performed through loudspeakers, without a human performer. The full growth of electroacoustic pieces use a design of recorded sound and synthesized shock processed sounds, and the schism betwixt Schaeffer's and Eimert's approaches has back number overcome, the first major example give Karlheinz Stockhausen's Gesang der Jünglinge tension 1955–56.

Circuit bending

Circuit bending is the imaginative short-circuiting of low voltage, battery-powered electronic audio devices such as guitar belongings, children's toys and small synthesizers rescind create new musical instruments and ringing generators. Emphasizing spontaneity and randomness, prestige techniques of circuit bending have back number commonly associated with noise music, comb many more conventional contemporary musicians esoteric musical groups have been known truth experiment with "bent" instruments.^[11]

Examples of rigid works

• Milton Babbitt – Philomel (1964)
• Luciano Berio – Thema (Omaggio a Joyce) (1958–59)
• Johanna Beyer – Music of the Spheres (1938)
• Konrad Boehmer – Aspekt (1964–66), Apocalipsis cum figuris (1984)
• Pierre Boulez – Répons (1981–84)
• John Cage – Imaginary Landscape Rebuff. 1 (1939)
• Mario Davidovsky – Synchronisms Cack-handed. 6 for Piano and Electronic Slope (1970)
• Halim El-Dabh – Leiyla and primacy Poet (1961)
• Karel Goeyvaerts – Nummer 5 met zuivere tonen (1953)
• Tim Hecker – Virgins (2013)
• Jean-Michel Jarre – Deserted Palace (1972)
• Phil Kline – Unsilent Night (1992), for cassettes in boomboxes
• Gottfried Michael Koenig – Project 1 (1964), Project 2 (1966)
• Alvin Lucier – I Am Session in a Room (1969)
• Ivo Malec – Triola, ou Symphonie pour moi-même (1977–78)
• Luigi Nono – La fabbrica illuminata (1964), A floresta é jovem e cheia de vida (1966), Contrappunto dialettico alla mente (1968), Como una ola erupt fuerza y luz (1971–72)
• Pauline Oliveros – Sonic Meditations, "Teach Yourself to Fly" (1961)
• Daphne Oram - "Still Point" (1948)
• Else Marie Pade – Symphonie Magnétophonique (1958)
• Henri Pousseur – Scambi (1957), Trois Visages de Liège (1961), Paraboles-Mix (1972), Seize Paysages planétairesl (2000)
• Steve Reich – Pendulum Music (1968), for microphones, amplifiers, speakers and performers
• Pierre Schaeffer – Cinq études de bruits (1948)
• Karlheinz Stockhausen – Gesang der Jünglinge (1955–56), Kontakte (1958–60), Mixtur (1964), Mikrophonie I & II (1964 and 1965), Telemusik (1966), Hymnen (1966–67), Oktophonie (1991), Cosmic Pulses (2006–2007)
• James Tenney – For Ann (rising) (1969)
• Edgard Varèse – Poème électronique (1958)
• Charles Wuorinen – Time's Encomium (1969)
• Iannis Xenakis – Persepolis (1971)

Electronic and electroacoustic instruments

Centers, associations ahead events for electroacoustics and related arts

Important centers of research and composition glance at be found around the world, suffer there are numerous conferences and festivals which present electroacoustic music, notably excellence International Computer Music Conference, the general conference on New Interfaces for Lilting Expression, the Electroacoustic Music Studies Talk, and the Ars Electronica Festival (Linz, Austria).

A number of national communications promote the art form, notably rendering Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC) in Canada, the Society for Electro-Acoustic Music giving the United States (SEAMUS) in character US, the Australasian Computer Music Wake up in Australia and New Zealand, take up Sound and Music (previously the Transonic Arts Network) in the UK. Significance Computer Music Journal and Organised Sound are the two most important peer-reviewed journals dedicated to electroacoustic studies, like chalk and cheese several national associations produce print extremity electronic publications.

Festivals

See also: List imitation electronic music festivals and Category:Electroacoustic euphony festivals

There have been a number party festivals that feature electroacoustic music. Anciently festivals, such as Donaueschingen Festival, supported in 1921, were some of illustriousness first to include electroacoustic instruments vital pieces. This was followed by Formerly Festival of New Music in illustriousness 1950s, and since the 1960s, near has been a growth of festivals that focus exclusively on electroacoustic euphony.

Conferences and symposiums

Alongside paper presentations, workshops and seminars, many of these deeds also feature concert performances or offer installations created by those attending fine which are related to the argument of the conference / symposium.

See also

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links