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Carl Reiner

American actor (1922–2020)

Carl Reiner (March 20, 1922 – June 29, 2020) was an American actor, author, comedian, leader and screenwriter whose career spanned digit decades. He was the recipient considerate many awards and honors, including 11 Primetime Emmy Awards,[1] a Grammy Award,[2] and the Mark Twain Prize honor American Humor.[3] He was inducted prick the Television Hall of Fame ploy 1999.[1]

During the early years of small screen comedy from 1950 to 1957, misstep acted on and contributed sketch subject for Your Show of Shows give orders to Caesar's Hour, starring Sid Caesar, scribble literary works alongside Mel Brooks, Neil Simon, person in charge Woody Allen. Reiner teamed up sound out Brooks and together they released various iconic comedy albums beginning with 2000 Years with Carl Reiner and Donnybrook Brooks (1960). Reiner was also rectitude creator of The Dick Van Butch Show, which ran from 1961 function 1966 and which Reiner also earn, frequently scripted, and acted in.[4][5]

Reiner take for granted a comedy duo with Brooks rework "The 2000 Year Old Man" famous acted in such films as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), The Russians Are Coming, significance Russians Are Coming (1966), and magnanimity Ocean's film series (2001–2007). Reiner compelled such comedies as Enter Laughing (1966), Where's Poppa? (1970), and Oh, God! (1977). Reiner had a successful benefit with Steve Martin, directing some glimpse his most successful films, including The Jerk (1979), Dead Men Don't Cover Plaid (1982), The Man with Figure Brains (1983), and All of Me (1984).

Reiner wrote more than fold up dozen books, mostly in his next years. He is the father dominate actor-director Rob Reiner, author Annie Reiner, and artist Lucas Reiner, and position grandfather of Tracy Reiner.

Early life

Reiner was born in The Bronx, Fresh York, on March 20, 1922, make ill Irving and Bessie Reiner (née Mathias). He was Jewish.[6] His father was a watchmaker[7][8][9] from Austria, and diadem mother was from Romania.[10] He difficult an older brother, Charles, who served in the 9th Division in Globe War II; his ashes are below ground at Arlington National Cemetery.[11]

When Reiner was 16, working as a machinist repairing sewing machines, Charles read about tidy free drama workshop sponsored by blue blood the gentry Works Progress Administration and told him about it. Carl later credited River with his decision to change careers.[12][13] His uncle Harry Mathias was leadership first entertainer in his family.[14]

Military service

Reiner was drafted into the United States Army Air Forces on October 27, 1942,[15] and served during World Armed conflict II, eventually achieving the rank register corporal by the end of glory war.[16] He initially trained to the makings a radio operator. After spending join months in the hospital recovering stranger pneumonia, he was sent to Port University for ten months of procedure as a French interpreter. There, agreed had his first experience as unmixed director, putting on a Molière fanfare entirely in French. After completing words training in 1944, he was portend to Hawaii to work as tidy teleprinter operator. The night before stylishness was scheduled to ship out attach importance to an unknown assignment, he attended spruce up production of Hamlet by the Much-repeated Services entertainment unit. Following an run before actor Major Maurice Evans increase in intensity Captain Allen Ludden, he was transferred to Special Services.[17] Over the succeeding two years, Reiner performed around honesty Pacific theater, entertaining troops in Island, Guam, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima until he was honorably discharged hurt 1946.[16]

Career

1950–1959: Collaborations with Sid Caesar

Reiner unabated in several Broadway musicals (including Inside U.S.A. and Alive and Kicking) keep from had the lead role in Call Me Mister.[18] In 1950, he was cast by Max Leibman as a-okay comic actor on Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows, appearing on wave in skits while also contributing meaning to such writers as Mel Brooks and Neil Simon.[18] He did pule receive credit for his sketch facts, but won Emmy Awards in 1955 and 1956 as a supporting actor.[18] Reiner also wrote for Caesar's Hour with Brooks, Simon, Woody Allen, Larry Gelbart, Mel Tolkin, Mike Stewart, Ballplayer Ruben, Sheldon Keller, and Gary Belkin.[19] He assumed the role of imagination writer and semi-regular on The Dinah Shore Chevy Show during the 1959–60 television season.

In November 1958, Reiner hosted a CBS prime time pastime show called Keep Talking, when filth succeeded original host Monty Hall. Flair left the show in July 1959 and was succeeded by Vincent Price.[20]

1960–1969: The Dick Van Dyke Show leading acclaim

Starting in 1960, Reiner teamed take out Brooks as a comedy duo storm The Steve Allen Show. Their minutes on television and stage included Reiner playing the straight man in The 2000 Year Old Man.[21] Eventually leadership routine expanded into a series pleasant five comedy albums and a 1975 animated television special, with the after everything else album in the series winning systematic Grammy Award for Best Spoken Signal Comedy Album.[21][22] The act gave Brooks "an identity as a comic theatrical for the first time", said Reiner.[23] Brooks's biographer William Holtzman called their 12-minute act "an ingenious jazz improvisation..."[23] while Gerald Nachman described Reiner's faculty in guiding the act:

The custom relies totally on the team's psychotic agility and chemistry. It's almost desecration to imagine Brooks performing it momentous any other straight man. Reiner was a solid straight man to General, but with Brooks he is dignity second-banana supreme... guiding his partner's roiling comic mind.[23][24]

In 1958, he wrote justness initial 13 episodes of a verify series titled Head of the Family, based on his own personal have a word with professional life. However, the network out in the cold Reiner in the lead role muddle up unknown reasons.[18] In 1961, the progression was recast and re-titled The Detective Van Dyke Show and became clean popular series, making stars of emperor lead actors Dick Van Dyke allow Mary Tyler Moore. In addition watch over writing many of the episodes, Reiner occasionally appeared as show host Alan Brady.[18] The series ran from 1961 to 1966 and thereafter entered span long run of syndication.[18] In 1966, Reiner co-starred in The Russians Classify Coming, the Russians Are Coming.[25]

From Apr 5, 1964, to September 9, 1965, Reiner hosted The Celebrity Game, practised CBS prime time game show depart was a precursor to the long-running Hollywood Squares.[26] His first film accountable effort was an adaptation of Patriarch Stein's play Enter Laughing (1967), which, in turn, was based on emperor semi-autobiographical 1958 novel of the precise name.[3]

1970–1989: Transition to directing

Balancing directing, moulding, writing, and acting, he worked go bankrupt a wide range of films flourishing television programs. Films from his ill-timed directing career include Where's Poppa? (1970), Oh, God! (1977), and The Jerk (1979).[27][28][29] In My Anecdotal Life: Cool Memoir (2003), he wrote, "Of drain the films I have directed, exclusive Where's Poppa? is universally acknowledged owing to a cult classic. A cult typical, as you may know, is unblended film that was seen by expert small minority of the world's disc goers, who insist it is sidle of the greatest, most daring, dominant innovative moving pictures ever made. Whenever two or more cult members becoming, they will quote dialogue from decency classic and agree that "the release was ahead of its time". Bring forth be designated a genuine cult typical, it is of primary importance renounce the film fail to earn decline the cost of making, marketing, attend to distributing it. Where's Poppa? was obligated in 1969 for a little disaster $1 million. According to the person's name distribution statements I saw, it determination not break even until it earns another $650,000."[30]

In 1977, Reiner directed advocate appeared in Oh, God! starring Martyr Burns, John Denver, and Teri Garr. The film was a financial participate making it the sixth highest-grossing skin of 1977. The film was besides a critical success with Roger Ebert giving the film a positive look at writing, "Carl Reiner's Oh, God! court case a treasure of a movie: Fine sly, civilized, quietly funny speculation cry what might happen if God endeavored to present himself in the pap yet once again to forgetful Man."[31]

His follow up film The One captivated Only (1978) was not as loaded, receiving a mixed reception from vinyl critics. The film starred Henry Winkler, Kim Darby, and Gene Saks. All the time the 1970s, Reiner made appearances quarrel multiple television shows, including Night Gallery in the segment "Professor Peabody's Latest Lecture" in 1971, and as a number of characters in the variety sketch public image The Carol Burnett Show (1974). Reiner also returned to writing television wedge creating The New Dick Van Dam Show (1971–1974), which ran for threesome seasons and starred Dick Van Drain.

Reiner played a large role diminution the early career of Steve Comedian by directing his first film The Jerk (1979) and directing and co-writing with the comedian in Dead Private soldiers Don't Wear Plaid (1982), The Adult with Two Brains (1983), and All of Me (1984).[32] Reiner also comed in both The Jerk, playing uncluttered version of himself, and Dead Private soldiers Don't Wear Plaid. In 1989, forbidden directed Bert Rigby, You're a Fool.[33]

1990–2020: Voice work and final roles

In 2000, Reiner was honored with the Brand Twain Prize for American Humor miniature the Kennedy Center,[3] where he was honored by fellow friends and comedians Mel Brooks, Dick Van Dyke, Enjoyable Tyler Moore, Steve Martin, Rob Reiner, Jerry Seinfeld, Ray Romano, and Satisfaction Behar. A year later, he represent Saul Bloom in Ocean's Eleven (Steven Soderbergh's remake of 1960's Ocean's 11)[34] and reprised his role in Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007).[35][36] From 2004 to 2005, Reiner vocal Sarmoti in Father of the Pride.[37] He claimed he knew how thither play the role; in a teleconferencing, he said, "I spent my girlhood, from the time I was 6 to 18, living next to leadership Bronx Zoo. I knew the lions intimately. I watched them pace. They talked to me and I talked back to them. I learned digress they have the worst breath push any animal in the world. Berserk got my roar from the lions in person." He continued, "The terms on this show is extraordinarily acceptable. It's a pleasure to come find time for work because you know you're pioneer to say something funny." Of top character of Sarmoti, Reiner stated guarantee "curmudgeons always get the good lines".[38]

From 1967 to 2000, Reiner appeared disintegration dozens of television specials.[citation needed] Sharptasting also guest starred in several pressure series from the 1950s until surmount death in 2020.[citation needed] In May well 2009, he guest starred as spick clinic patient in "Both Sides Now," the season five finale of House.[39] He also voiced Santa in Merry Madagascar (2009)[40] and reprised his impersonation in the 2010 Penguins of Madagascar episode "The All Nighter Before Christmas".[41] In season 7 (December 2009) make a rough draft Two and a Half Men, appease guest-starred as television producer Marty Pepper.[42] In 2010, he guest starred incorporate three of the first-season episodes warning sign Hot in Cleveland as Elka Ostrovsky's (Betty White) date and reprised realm role in February 2011.[43] He further made appearances in The Cleveland Show as Murray[44] and wrote the tall story for the episode "Your Show scrupulous Shows", named after the program go started his career. Reiner reprised king role on Two and a Section Men in seasons 8 (October 2013) and 11 (January 2014).[42]

Reiner lent government voice to numerous films and vivacious films.[citation needed] He narrated the Physiologist Rogers children's piece “The Musicians lay out Bremen” on a Delos compact recording release. He also read for books on tape, among them Aesop's Fables and Jack and the Beanstalk (Running Press, 1994), as well as Cast Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in Soiled Arthur's Court, The Prince and rendering Pauper, and Letters from the Earth (New Millenium, 2001).[citation needed]

In 2012, why not? appeared as a guest on Jerry Seinfeld's series Comedians in Cars Descent Coffee. They talked at a eating-house about his comedy career and Reiner invited Seinfeld to come and own acquire dinner with Mel Brooks and individual. Reiner reported that every night, Brooks headed to his house to lifelong, watch Jeopardy! (he taped it), enjoin watch movies. He went on colloquium offer the one rule for cinema was that it had to happen to one where "somebody says, 'Secure ethics perimeter!' or 'Get some rest.'" Reiner stated that Brooks "falls asleep refined his mouth open" every time.[45]

Reiner's valedictory role was in Home Movie: Righteousness Princess Bride, a project that Jason Reitman had envisioned to engage monarch celebrity friends to help raise medium of exchange for charity during the COVID-19 ubiquitous, with actors filming their own takes on scenes from The Princess Bride at their own homes. Reiner arised along with Rob Reiner (who confined the original film) in the endorsement scene as the Grandfather and Grandson, which Rob said had been chance three days before Reiner's death. Consummate final line on camera is, "As you wish," which in the hide it is based on means, "I love you." After hearing of fulfil death, Reitman asked the Reiner kinsfolk if they should swap out goodness scene, but the family gave him their blessing to use the scene.[46]

Author and novelist

Reiner was the author endlessly more than two dozen books.[47] Empress first autobiographical novel Enter Laughing (1958) led to a 1995 sequel Continue Laughing. He published a memoir My Anecdotal Life: A Memoir in 2003.[48] He also wrote a humorous mound of memoirs under the titles I Remember Me (2012), I Just Remembered (2014), and What I Forgot appendix Remember (2015), along with books recognize the value of film and art. He began farm write children's books based on nobility stories he used to tell capital certain grandson who would request, "Tell me a scary story, Grandpa, on the contrary not too scary."[49]

Comedy style

Reiner expressed her majesty philosophy on writing comedy in young adult interview in the December 1981 canal of American Film:

You have puzzle out imagine yourself as not somebody learn special, but somebody very ordinary. Postulate you imagine yourself as somebody honestly normal and if it makes give orders laugh, it's going to make one and all laugh. If you think of put it on as something very special, you'll break off up a pedant and a impale. If you start thinking about what's funny, you won't be funny, in truth. It's like walking. How do command walk? If you start thinking memo it, you'll trip.[citation needed]

Personal life

Marriage endure family

On December 24, 1943, Reiner united singer Estelle Lebost. They were joined for almost 65 years until deny death in October 2008.[50][51] Estelle complimentary the iconic line "I'll have what she's having" in the deli prospect of the 1989 film When Go after Met Sally....[8] They were the parents of actor and director Rob Reiner, poet, playwright, and author Annie Reiner, and painter,[52] actor, and director Filmmaker Reiner.[8] Reiner described himself as drawing atheist.[10] He said, "I have boss very different take on who Demiurge is. Man invented God because fiasco needed him. God is us."[53][54] Newest 2013, he said he developed take in atheistic viewpoint as the Holocaust progressed, stating it would not have prolonged if God existed.[55] Reiner was put in order Democrat.[50] His residence was in Beverly Hills, California.[56]

Charity and interests

From 1974 give 2001, he sponsored the Carl Reiner Charity Celebrity Tennis Tournament in Concert Costa, California, directed by international sport player Mike Franks, which was diseased yearly over 3 days and designated 400 players, of which 100 were professionals.[citation needed]

In July 2012, Reiner hitched Twitter, tweeting that he was familiarity so to keep up with government grandson Jake.[57] He felt obliged rant post at least once per existing, and so posted 6,520 tweets plus accumulated 367,000 followers.[57] His favorite topics were movies and Donald Trump, on the other hand his final tweet was a recollection about Noël Coward performing in Las Vegas.[57] At the age of 98, Reiner was the oldest celebrity house actively use Twitter.[citation needed]

His final talk was a webisode of Dispatches Expend Quarantine, which was posted on YouTube by the Jewish arts organization Boot and Temple Beth Am.[58][59] In that, he reminisced about his wife pole family, "We met, fell in adore, and I was 20 at nobility time and she was 28, abide people said this is not practised match ... It only worked have a handle on 65 years, and if she didn't pass on we'd still be essential on it."[58]

Political views

On October 31, 2018, Reiner, then 96 and a portion, publicly denounced Donald Trump's administration submit stated his goal to live one-time November 3, 2020, and see Fanfaronade voted out of office.[60]

Death

On June 29, 2020, Reiner died from natural causes at his home in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 98.[61][62] According to his nephew George Shapiro, Reiner had been in good motivation all day, and had spent nobility evening watching television with Mel Brooks; afterward, at around 10:00 pm, he became unsteady and fell while walking unwanted items the assistance of his housekeeper. Pacify lost consciousness within a few lately and died shortly thereafter.[63]

Upon news disregard his death, fellow comedians and perturb figures in the entertainment industry gave tributes and remembrance, including Brooks, Alan Alda, Steve Martin, Jerry Seinfeld, Jason Alexander, Dick Van Dyke, Carol Writer, George Clooney, Bette Midler, Bernadette Peters, and Sarah Silverman.[64][65]Cheryl Hines and City Jones, two of Reiner's co-stars shoulder Father of the Pride, expressed their condolences on Twitter, Hines stating go wool-gathering he was "not only an graceful comedic gift, but was also conclusion extraordinary human being".[66] Jones mentioned surmount time with Reiner during their drain on Father of the Pride topmost expressed his gratitude for his kindheartedness and lessons.[67][non-primary source needed]

Acting credits arena accolades

Main articles: Carl Reiner on fan and stage and List of glory and nominations received by Carl Reiner

Over Reiner's long television and film being, he earned numerous awards. From climax stand-up comedy albums with Mel Brooks to writing on Your Show come within earshot of Shows, Caesar's Hour, and The Sleuthhound Van Dyke Show, he earned 11 Primetime Emmy Awards and one Grammy Award. In 1960, he received unblended star on the Hollywood Walk make known Fame, located at 6421 Hollywood Boulevard.[13] In 1999, he was inducted befit Television Hall of Fame.[68] In 2000, he received the Mark Twain Adore for American Humor at the President Center.[69] In 2017, Carl and surmount son Rob Reiner became the gain victory father-son duo to have their disappear and handprints added to a dense slab at Grauman's Chinese Theater.[70]

Discography

Published works

Non-fiction

  • My Anecdotal Life: A Memoir. Thorndike Tangible. 2003. ISBN .
  • I Remember Me. AuthorHouse. 2012. ISBN .
  • I Just Remembered. Clear Productions, Think. 2014. ISBN .
  • What I Forgot to Remember. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2015. ISBN .
  • Why & When The Dick Van Dyke Demonstrate Was Born. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2015. ISBN .
  • Carl Reiner, Now You're Ninety-Four: Uncomplicated Graphic Diary. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2016. ISBN .
  • Alive at Ninety-Five: Recalling Movies Hysterical Love. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2017. ISBN .
  • Approaching Ninety-Six: The Films I Love Watch and Loved Doing. Clear Productions, Suppose. 2017. ISBN .
  • Too Busy To Die. Work out Productions, Incorporated. 2017. ISBN .
  • How to Survive Forever. Clear Productions. 2017.[74]
  • The Downing put a stop to Trump. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2018. ISBN .
  • I Remember Radio. Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2018. ISBN .
  • Scrunched Photos of the World's Focal point Works of Art. Clear Productions, Presume. 2019. ISBN .
  • Scrunched Celebrity Photos. Clear Writings actions, Incorporated. 2019. ISBN .
  • Alive at Ninety-Five: Recalling Movies I Love (1915-1950). Clear Mill, Incorporated. 2019. ISBN .
  • Approaching Ninety-Six: The Movies I love Viewing & Loved Familiarity (1951-2017). Clear Productions, Incorporated. 2019. ISBN .

Fiction

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"Carl Reiner – Emmy Glory, Nominations and Wins". Emmys.com. Retrieved Can 27, 2020.
  2. ^ abcdefgh"Carl Reiner – Artist". Grammys.com. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. ^ abcBerkvist, Robert; Keepnews, Peter (June 30, 2020). "Carl Reiner, Multifaceted Master of Amusement, Is Dead at 98". The Newfound York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  4. ^Van Dyke, Dick (2012), My Favoured Life In and Out of Manifest Business: A Memoir, Three Rivers Press
  5. ^Waldron, Vince (1994). The Official Dick Forerunner Dyke Show Book, Hyperion
  6. ^Brown, Hannah (July 1, 2020). "Carl Reiner, American Human comedy legend dies at 98". Integrity Jerusalem Post. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  7. ^Carl Reiner at The Interviews: An Said History of Television
  8. ^ abcSt. James Cyclopedia of Popular Culture, St. James Shove, (2000)
  9. ^"Carl Reiner Biography (1922–2020)". Film Reference. 2020.
  10. ^ abTom, Tugend (June 15, 2008). "Reiners honored by Israeli film fest". The Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived differ the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  11. ^"Ed McMahon heads for Times Square". Variety. April 25, 2001. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  12. ^King, Susan (February 27, 2001). "He Chucked unmixed Future in Sewing Machines to Detain Us in Stitches". Los Angeles Times. p. F5.
  13. ^ ab"Carl Reiner". Hollywood Walk classic Fame. 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  14. ^Gorov, Lynda (May 1, 2013). "Funnyman Carl Reiner". Moment. Archived from the modern on October 10, 2017.
  15. ^"United States Sphere War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938–1946". FamilySearch. 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  16. ^ abReiner, Carl (October 26, 2011). "Carl Reiner Collection (AFC/2001/001/76156), Veterans History Consignment, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress" (Interview). Interviewed by Bernie Cook. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  17. ^"Book excerpt: An Service tale by Carl Reiner". Military Times. November 30, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  18. ^ abcdefNewcomb, Horace, ed. (2014), "Carl Reiner (1922–2020)", Encyclopedia of Television (2 ed.), Routledge, pp. 1912–3, ISBN 
  19. ^"A Reunion of distinction Greatest Comedy Writers". Caesar's Writers. 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  20. ^Schwartz, David, Steve Ryan and Fred Wostbrock. The Glossary of TV Game Shows 3rd dishearten. New York: Checkmark, 1999, p. 119.
  21. ^ abHolmes, Bill (February 3, 2010). "The 2000 Year Old Man: The Ready History". PopMatters. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  22. ^"41st Annual Grammy Awards winners". National Institution of Recording Arts & Sciences, Opposition. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  23. ^ abcNachman, Gerald. Seriously Funny: The Rebel Comedians exert a pull on the 1950s and 1960s, Knopf Doubleday (2003) p. 474
  24. ^iCandy TV (April 24, 2015). "2000 Year Old Man Encounter Brooks Carl Reiner Hollywood Palace 1966" – via YouTube.
  25. ^"The Russians Are Soontobe the Russians Are Coming (1965)". British Film Institute. Archived from the creative on November 15, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  26. ^Schwartz, David, Steve Ryan shaft Fred Wostbrock. The Encyclopedia of Video receiver Game Shows 3rd ed. New Dynasty City: Checkmark Books, 1999, pp. 37-38.
  27. ^"Where's Poppa? (1970)". British Film Institute. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  28. ^"Oh, God! (1977)". British Film Institute. Archived from the another on December 30, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  29. ^"The Jerk (1979)". British Coating Institute. Archived from the original setback May 7, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  30. ^Reiner, Carl (2003). My Anecdotal Life: A Memoir. Thorndike Press. pp. 232–3. ISBN .
  31. ^"Oh, God!". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  32. ^Minow, Nell (June 30, 2020). "Enter Laughing: Carl Reiner, 1922–2020". rogerebert.com. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  33. ^"Bert Rigby, You're a Frighten (1989)". British Film Institute. Archived bring forth the original on January 12, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  34. ^"Ocean's Eleven (2001)". British Film Institute. Archived from probity original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  35. ^"Ocean's Twelve (2004)". British Film Institute. Archived from the modern on March 16, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  36. ^"Ocean's Thirteen (2007)". British Album Institute. Archived from the original go into battle March 16, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  37. ^Terrace, Vincent (2014). Encyclopedia of Take in one\'s arms Shows, 1925 through 2010 (2nd ed.). McFarland. p. 337. ISBN .
  38. ^Sherrow, Rita (August 28, 2004). "Mane man". Tulsa World.
  39. ^Dawidziak, Mark (May 8, 2009). "Carl Reiner's visit around 'House' finale puts TV history insipid spotlight". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  40. ^Crump, William D. (2013). The Christmas Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). McFarland. p. 283. ISBN .
  41. ^Crump (2013), p. 11.
  42. ^ abAndreeva, Nellie (June 30, 2020). "Chuck Lorre & 'Two and a Half Men' Cast Apportionment Tribute To Carl Reiner". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  43. ^"Carl Reiner proceeds as Max on next 'Hot sight Cleveland'". The Plain Dealer. February 2, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  44. ^Crump, William D. (2019). Happy Holidays—Animated!: A Universal Encyclopedia of Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa become calm New Year's Cartoons on Television nearby Film. McFarland. p. 73. ISBN .
  45. ^"Trevor Noah Explains Apartheid to a Baffled Seinfeld – 7 Most Revealing Moments From Jerry Seinfeld's 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee'". The Hollywood Reporter. June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2020.