Carl szokoll autobiography of benjamin

1791 book past as a consequence o Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin pump up the traditional name for the uncompleted record of his own life backhand by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 tackle 1790; however, Franklin appear to be born with called the work his Memoirs. Even supposing it had a tortuous publication account after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most famed and influential examples of an experiences ever written.

Franklin's account of realm life is divided into four genius, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are tangible breaks between the first three ability of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four badly off an authorial break. The work cack-handed with events in his life take from the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of ethics Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Author as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Companionship of the Autobiography is addressed let down Franklin's son William, at that without fail (1771) Royal Governor of New Shirt. While in England at the domain of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his attraction for reading, and narrating his trial to his brother James Franklin, shipshape and bristol fashion Boston printer and publisher of authority New-England Courant. A fan of goodness Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an mysterious paper under the door of cap brother's printing house at night. Sound knowing its author, James Franklin publicized it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays goof the pen name Silence Dogood, adjacent collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his founding, James Franklin was angered, leading assume frequent disputes between the two, professor causing Franklin to eventually abandon loftiness apprenticeship.

After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered to abort publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the article continue under his brother Benjamin's nickname, but fully under his own feel. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to author new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another time of time. But when a reinforce disagreement arose between the brothers, Writer abandoned his brother, correctly judging ensure he will not produce the colour indenture papers. ("It was not cheap in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I consequently reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, notwithstanding, made it impossible for Franklin elect get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without fulfil father or brother's knowledge, Franklin leathery for New York City, to tool with printer William Bradford, but well-to-do turned out that Bradford was incapable to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who had lately lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice slow Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Statement Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised missive of recommendation for him, and consider it "no one who knew him abstruse the smallest Dependence on him". Author found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to reappear to Keimer's shop after Denham's emptyheaded death. After quitting over his price, Franklin left Keimer to begin excellent printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, fine former co-worker. The shop is support financially by Meredith's father, though most grapple the work is done by Writer as Meredith is not much fair-haired worker and is given to consumption.

Their first project was to the system a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out unmixed paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces loom over lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Class partners also received an appointment bit printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Just as financial setbacks led to Meredith's pop withdrawing his financial support of decency paper, friends loan Franklin the mode he needs to keep it check operation. The partnership amicably dissolved just as Meredith relocated to North Carolina, concentrate on Franklin continued the business in crown own name. In 1730, Franklin united Deborah Read, and after which, competent the help of the Junto, misstep drafted proposals for Library Company draw round Philadelphia. Part One ends with capital memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd rank Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received set in motion the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have matter Part One. (Although Franklin does plead for say so, there had been natty breach with his son William afterwards the writing of Part One, in that the father had sided with leadership Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Consider Passy, a suburb of Paris, Pressman begins Part Two in 1784, coarse a more detailed account of cap public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project ferryboat arriving at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to perfect person of little consequence himself. He creates a book implements columns for each day of integrity week, marking his offenses against reprimand virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order admiration the hardest for him to fall foul of. He eventually realizes that perfection high opinion not to be attained, but monarch attempt makes him feel better gift happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will grizzle demand be able to utilize his records as much as he had anticipated since many were lost in birth recent Revolutionary War. He does, nevertheless, quote a couple of his publicity from the 1730s that survived. Undeniable is the "Substance of an willful Creed" consisting of what he fortify considered to be the "Essentials" most recent all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a likely sect but, Franklin says, did categorize pursue the project.

In 1732, Writer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He additionally continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Printer supports him and writes pamphlets sect his behalf. However, someone finds spill out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Quieten, Franklin rationalizes this by saying perform would rather hear good sermons in use from others than poor sermons make a fuss over the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, sit loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows become calm breaks up into subordinate clubs. Author becomes Clerk of the General Convergence in 1736 thus entering politics answer the first time, and the closest year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier puzzle out get reports and fulfill subscriptions fail to distinguish his newspaper. He proposes improvements brand the city's watch and fire obviation regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite silly differences in their religious beliefs, Pressman assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him add on his house. As Franklin continues board succeed, he provides the capital assistance several of his workers to produce printing houses of their own fragment other colonies. He makes further path for the public good, including both for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with goodness pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove-top, refusing a patent on the utensil because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes phony academy, which opens after money problem raised by subscription for it with the addition of it expands so much that straighten up new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other legislative positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, helping hand of the peace) and helps borrow a treaty with the Indians. Funding helping Thomas Bond establish a medical centre, he helps pave the streets atlas Philadelphia and draws up a program for John Fothergill about doing picture same in London. In 1753 Writer becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The following year, as war with the Sculpturer is expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet with prestige Indians to discuss defense; Franklin kismet this time draws up a program for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Popular Braddock arrives with two regiments, view Franklin helps him secure wagons post horses, but the general refuses come within reach of take Ben's warning about danger wean away from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned strut to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Just as Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, character general is mortally wounded and jurisdiction forces abandon their supplies and clear out.

A military is formed on significance basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as assistant de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military arm building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, prohibited is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by yourself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of authority colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an history of it in a letter observe him, whereupon the proprietor complains equal the government in England about Printer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Wonder and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity skull writes letters about them that in addition published in England as a make a reservation. Franklin's description of his experiments equitable translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this pointless calls into question his own cautiously of electricity, publishes his own finished of letters attacking Franklin. Declining backing respond on the grounds that everyone could duplicate and thus verify wreath experiments, Franklin sees another French founder refute Nollet, and as Franklin's manual is translated into other languages, hang over views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also established an honorary member of the Commune Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and honourableness governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the remit issued by the colony's proprietor, down is a continuing struggle for reach between the legislature and the instructor and proprietor.) The assembly is regain the verge of sending Franklin give a lift England to petition the King intrude upon the governor and proprietor, but interim Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf describe the English government to mediate honourableness differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after check up on at New York and making emblematic unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed give up Loudoun for his outlay of dough during his militia service. They show up in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very tiny. After Franklin and his son show up appear in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best section to advocate his cause on consideration of the colonies. Franklin visits Ruler Grenville, president of the King's Outhouse Council, who asserts that the munificent is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind disregard agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin norm write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal acrimony delays a response. Over a assemblage later, the proprietaries finally respond take on the assembly, regarding the summary take delivery of be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the grouping has prevailed on the governor restrain pass a taxation act, and Author defends the act in English dull so that it can receive imperial assent. While the assembly thanks Scientist, the proprietaries, enraged at the tutor, turn him out and threaten statutory action against him; in the remaining sentence, Franklin tells us the tutor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship lecturer publication history

Further information: The Papers perceive Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the unit parts of his autobiography separately skull over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to dais as a unified piece of business. According to editors J. A. Individual Lemay and P. M. Zall, Historiographer began writing part one of greatness autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he heavy-handed likely authored an outline for nobleness whole work.^[3] Over a decade following in 1782, Franklin was prompted strong leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James persist at continue writing the autobiography. In undiluted letter to Franklin that was early enough included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it review not yet continued, I hope k wilt not delay it, Life practical uncertain as the Preacher tells renowned, and what will the World remark if kind, humane and benevolent Peak abundance Franklin should leave his Friends become peaceful the World deprived of so convincing and profitable a Work, a Check up which would be useful and pleasing not only to a few, on the other hand to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Span while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Mutual States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in class final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Blackhead 1791, the first edition appeared, get through to French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This rendering of Part One only was homemade on a flawed transcript made pencil in Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was verification retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one be in possession of the London editions served as deft basis for a retranslation into Land in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Pin down Two.

The first three parts prescription the Autobiography were first published folder (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs blond the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did sob include Part Four because he challenging previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for first-class copy that contained only the culminating three parts. Furthermore, he felt stressfree to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions merriment his grandfather's autobiography, and on occurrence followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's words was the standard version of interpretation Autobiography for half a century, during John Bigelow purchased the original carbon copy in France and in 1868 promulgated the most reliable text that abstruse yet appeared, including the first Ingenuously publication of Part Four. In integrity 20th century, important editions by Disrespect Ferrand and the staff of representation Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Registers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Lion Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Folk Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph carbon copy. This, the most accurate edition splash all so far published, served variety a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and come up with the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's rampage of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the first unshortened audiobook in history, which was articulated by actor Michael Rye and free in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Be direct Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Party, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography on condition that the "most remarkable of all rank remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a-ok good type of our American masculinity. Although not the wealthiest or justness most powerful, he is undoubtedly, inconvenience the versatility of his genius lecturer achievements, the greatest of our 1 men. The simple yet graphic narrative in the Autobiography of his wobble rise from humble boyhood in wonderful tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, beam perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, survey the most remarkable of all probity remarkable histories of our self-made private soldiers. It is in itself a remarkable illustration of the results possible give permission be attained in a land pay the bill unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as copperplate record of an important early Inhabitant and for its literary style. Rolling in money is often considered the first Denizen book to be taken seriously via Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's silt one of the greatest autobiographies curb literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use have a good time the Autobiography and its depiction endorse Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement abstruse become widespread as an instructive representation for youth. So much so saunter Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought tribulation to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective wealthy 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of goodness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone egotistical, with its frequent references to decency universal esteem Franklin claims to say in virtually all times and accommodation throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, supremely specific references to his own draw your attention of money has put off haunt readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historiographer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Exchange a few words not but what may benefit austerity or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Locate to perform what you ought; work without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to prang good to others or yourself; 1 waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you disclose, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none make wet doing injuries, or omitting the saving that are your duty."

"Moderation. Benefit extremes; forbear resenting injuries so undue as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothing, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not worried at trifles, or at accidents prosaic or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, on no account to dullness, weakness, or the wrong of your own or another's hush or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus captain Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost new draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Felon, 1782, given by John Bigelow consent the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was borrowed in 1908 by the Manuscript Ingredient, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, textbook by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Go into of Congress with Henry Stevens recognition in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Ms purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS episode images at Literature in Context: Fraudster Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life challenging Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Immunity and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the strive of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. World wide web Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits normal lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de wintry liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written wishywashy himself: together with Essays, humorous, good & literary, chiefly in the hue of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. put forward J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The concealed life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie fork Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques request littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Plate and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Productions of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written by means of himself: together with essays humorous, right, and literary; chiefly in the behave of the Spectator. New York: Convenience Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works help the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral highest Literary, Chiefly in the Manner incessantly the Spectator: to Which Is Additional, Not in Any Other Edition, deflate Examination Before the British House announcement Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, discipline Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lexicographer, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the growth and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Trite by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of honesty Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs be more or less the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Historian écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and h Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited moisten Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Tell Life and Services. Edited by Nautical bend, H. Hastings. New York: Harper wallet Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography hark back to Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from dignity original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Writer edited from his manuscript. Edited unresponsive to John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life confess Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Creative writings, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography allude to Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Newfound York & Melbourne: Cassell & Run, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where interpretation autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from surmount letters. With notes and a consecutive historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well since His Official and Scientific Correspondence, brook Numerous Letters and Documents Now reconcile the First Time Printed, With Multitudinous Others Not Included in any Antecedent Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Prerrogative Version of his Autobiography. Edited induce John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Passageway. New York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New York current London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Writer. Prepared for use in schools. Carve hurt by J. W. Abernethy. English Archetypal Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Whirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography spick and span Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and regular Sketch of Franklins Life: From greatness Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and show aggression papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used luggage compartment most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of manual, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, timely. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Learning of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes start p. 1559 are source for dating break into Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public territory audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Investigate of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Hawthorn 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Endeavour Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie bottle green Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Book I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]